Dispersal and seasonal movements of Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis) in the eastern Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands, as inferred from satellite-transmitting archival tagsAnimal Biotelemetry - Tập 10 - Trang 1-21 - 2022
Timothy Loher
Understanding connectivity is critical to the management of exploited fish stocks, but migratory dynamics of Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis) in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands region are not well-understood. In the current study, 145 Pacific halibut ≥ 82 cm fork length were tagged with Pop-up Archival Transmitting (PAT) tags to evaluate interannual dispersal, seasonal migration, and depth-specific habitat use. Endpoint locations obtained after 1 year at liberty (n = 79), fishery recoveries after 2–3 years at liberty (n = 5), and at-liberty geopositions based on light data (n = 5313 estimates from 109 fish) indicated geographically distinct movement patterns: Pacific halibut tagged in the Western and Central Aleutian Islands remained within the island groups in which the fish had been tagged; fish in the eastern Bering Sea remained in that ocean basin, moving among International Pacific Halibut Commission (IPHC) regulatory areas and into Russian waters; those tagged south of Unimak Pass in IPHC Regulatory Area 4A displayed the greatest amount of emigration, dispersing eastward both seasonally and interannually to as far south as Washington State. Analysis of daily maximum depth and temperature data from 113 individuals demonstrated group-level variation in summer temperatures experienced by the fish and in the timing, duration, and synchrony of movement to deep-water wintering grounds. Depth-specific habitat use was suggestive of regionally explicit migratory contingents, while interannual dispersal patterns were consistent with the existence of multiple functional spawning units. The results may guide future research to examine cross-basin connectivity in the Northern Bering Sea and provide inputs for numerical modelling of individual movements, larval advection, and recruitment analyses.
Tools for integrating inertial sensor data with video bio-loggers, including estimation of animal orientation, motion, and positionAnimal Biotelemetry - Tập 9 - Trang 1-21 - 2021
David E. Cade, William T. Gough, Max F. Czapanskiy, James A. Fahlbusch, Shirel R. Kahane-Rapport, Jacob M. J. Linsky, Ross C. Nichols, William K. Oestreich, Danuta M. Wisniewska, Ari S. Friedlaender, Jeremy A. Goldbogen
Bio-logging devices equipped with inertial measurement units—particularly accelerometers, magnetometers, and pressure sensors—have revolutionized our ability to study animals as necessary electronics have gotten smaller and more affordable over the last two decades. These animal-attached tags allow for fine scale determination of behavior in the absence of direct observation, particularly useful in the marine realm, where direct observation is often impossible, and recent devices can integrate more power hungry and sensitive instruments, such as hydrophones, cameras, and physiological sensors. To convert the raw voltages recorded by bio-logging sensors into biologically meaningful metrics of orientation (e.g., pitch, roll and heading), motion (e.g., speed, specific acceleration) and position (e.g., depth and spatial coordinates), we developed a series of MATLAB tools and online instructional tutorials. Our tools are adaptable for a variety of devices, though we focus specifically on the integration of video, audio, 3-axis accelerometers, 3-axis magnetometers, 3-axis gyroscopes, pressure, temperature, light and GPS data that are the standard outputs from Customized Animal Tracking Solutions (CATS) video tags. Our tools were developed and tested on cetacean data but are designed to be modular and adaptable for a variety of marine and terrestrial species. In this text, we describe how to use these tools, the theories and ideas behind their development, and ideas and additional tools for applying the outputs of the process to biological research. We additionally explore and address common errors that can occur during processing and discuss future applications. All code is provided open source and is designed to be useful to both novice and experienced programmers.
Ocean depth–temperature profiles for operational oceanography from a shark-borne transmitterAnimal Biotelemetry - Tập 10 - Trang 1-8 - 2022
Kim Holland, Carl Meyer, James Potemra, Melinda Holland
Many regions of the ocean are under-sampled in terms of their biology and physical structure. Increasingly sophisticated animal-borne electronic tags are capable of measuring and transmitting in situ environmental data such as ocean temperature–depth profiles. This has the potential to significantly augment the volume of data acquired from under-sampled regions of the ocean. These data would enhance interpretation of animal behavior and distribution and could be used to inform oceanographic and meteorological models. Building on results obtained from marine mammals and turtles, we present a case study of depth–temperature profiles obtained from a tagged tiger shark. During a 102-day deployment, 1350 geolocations were obtained from a shark from waters around Oahu, Hawaii. Of these, 520 were associated with depth–temperature profiles—some of which were from depths exceeding 500 m. Delay between profile creation and transmission to satellite or land-based receiver averaged 8.9 h (range: 35 s–43 h, median 6.32 h). The profiles were in close agreement with profiles extracted from nearby locations in an operational ROMS model. Land-based receivers played a significant role in augmenting data throughput obtained via satellites. Shark-borne transmitters offer a viable option for collecting ocean profiles with reporting latencies that make them suitable for operational oceanography. They can significantly increase sampling frequency (especially subsurface) and sample geographic areas that are otherwise difficult to monitor with Lagrangian methods such as Argo floats. They sample locations and depths that are important to the animal and which in some cases may be biological hotspots. The resolution of the data is comparable with that derived from traditional platforms. By targeting appropriate species of shark, different areas of the ocean could be monitored at significantly higher rates than is currently the case.
How often should dead-reckoned animal movement paths be corrected for drift?Animal Biotelemetry - Tập 9 - Trang 1-22 - 2021
Richard M. Gunner, Mark D. Holton, David M. Scantlebury, Phil Hopkins, Emily L. C. Shepard, Adam J. Fell, Baptiste Garde, Flavio Quintana, Agustina Gómez-Laich, Ken Yoda, Takashi Yamamoto, Holly English, Sam Ferreira, Danny Govender, Pauli Viljoen, Angela Bruns, O. Louis van Schalkwyk, Nik C. Cole, Vikash Tatayah, Luca Börger, James Redcliffe, Stephen H. Bell, Nikki J. Marks, Nigel C. Bennett, Mariano H. Tonini, Hannah J. Williams, Carlos M. Duarte, Martin C. van Rooyen, Mads F. Bertelsen, Craig J. Tambling, Rory P. Wilson
Understanding what animals do in time and space is important for a range of ecological questions, however accurate estimates of how animals use space is challenging. Within the use of animal-attached tags, radio telemetry (including the Global Positioning System, ‘GPS’) is typically used to verify an animal’s location periodically. Straight lines are typically drawn between these ‘Verified Positions’ (‘VPs’) so the interpolation of space-use is limited by the temporal and spatial resolution of the system’s measurement. As such, parameters such as route-taken and distance travelled can be poorly represented when using VP systems alone. Dead-reckoning has been suggested as a technique to improve the accuracy and resolution of reconstructed movement paths, whilst maximising battery life of VP systems. This typically involves deriving travel vectors from motion sensor systems and periodically correcting path dimensions for drift with simultaneously deployed VP systems. How often paths should be corrected for drift, however, has remained unclear. Here, we review the utility of dead-reckoning across four contrasting model species using different forms of locomotion (the African lion Panthera leo, the red-tailed tropicbird Phaethon rubricauda, the Magellanic penguin Spheniscus magellanicus, and the imperial cormorant Leucocarbo atriceps). Simulations were performed to examine the extent of dead-reckoning error, relative to VPs, as a function of Verified Position correction (VP correction) rate and the effect of this on estimates of distance moved. Dead-reckoning error was greatest for animals travelling within air and water. We demonstrate how sources of measurement error can arise within VP-corrected dead-reckoned tracks and propose advancements to this procedure to maximise dead-reckoning accuracy. We review the utility of VP-corrected dead-reckoning according to movement type and consider a range of ecological questions that would benefit from dead-reckoning, primarily concerning animal–barrier interactions and foraging strategies.
Are opportunistic captures of neonate ungulates biasing relative estimates of litter size?Animal Biotelemetry - Tập 10 Số 1
Matthew T. Turnley, Randy T. Larsen, Tabitha A. Hughes, Morgan S. Hinton, Daniel W. Sallee, Sydney Lamb, Kent R. Hersey, Brock R. McMillan
AbstractThe capture of neonate ungulates allows for the collection of valuable ecological data, including estimates of litter size. However, varied methods used to capture neonate ungulates can result in sampling biases. Our objective was to determine if opportunistic captures of neonate ungulates (i.e., locating neonates by visually scanning for adult females displaying postpartum behaviors) bias relative estimates of litter size and investigate potential causes if a bias does exist. We analyzed data from 161 litters of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) sampled using three different capture methods during 2019–2021 in Utah, USA. Estimates of litter size derived from opportunistic captures were smaller than estimates derived from movement-based captures or captures completed with the aid of vaginal implant transmitters (VITs). Age at capture was inversely related to estimates of litter size and likely influenced the detection bias associated with opportunistic captures. Neonates captured opportunistically were not older than neonates captured using movement-based methods, but were older than neonates captured with the aid of VITs. Distance between neonates from the same litter did not influence estimates of litter size. Researchers should be aware of the biases associated with different capture methods and use caution when interpreting data among multiple capture methods. Estimates of litter size derived from opportunistic captures should not be compared to estimates of litter size derived from alternative capture methods without accounting for the detection bias we observed.
Eavesdropping on the brain at sea: development of a surface-mounted system to detect weak electrophysiological signals from wild animalsAnimal Biotelemetry - Tập 10 - Trang 1-22 - 2022
Jessica M. Kendall-Bar, Ritika Mukherji, Jordan Nichols, Catherine Lopez, Daniel A. Lozano, Julie K. Pitman, Rachel R. Holser, Roxanne S. Beltran, Matt Schalles, Cara L. Field, Shawn P. Johnson, Alexei L. Vyssotski, Daniel P. Costa, Terrie M. Williams
Despite rapid advances in sensor development and technological miniaturization, it remains challenging to non-invasively record small-amplitude electrophysiological signals from an animal in its natural environment. Many advances in ecophysiology and biologging have arisen through sleep studies, which rely on detecting small signals over multiple days and minimal disruption of natural animal behavior. This paper describes the development of a surface-mounted system that has allowed novel electrophysiological recordings of sleep in wild marine mammals. We discuss our iterative design process by providing sensor-comparison data, detailed technical illustrations, and material recommendations. We describe the system’s performance over multiple days in 12 freely moving northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) sleeping on land and in water in captivity and the wild. We leverage advances in signal processing by applying independent components analysis and inertial motion sensor calibrations to maximize signal quality across large (> 10 gigabyte), multi-day datasets. Our study adds to the suite of biologging tools available to scientists seeking to understand the physiology and behavior of wild animals in the context in which they evolved.
Methods to evaluate gut evacuation rates and predation using acoustic telemetry in the Tracy Fish Collection Facility primary channelAnimal Biotelemetry - Tập 3 - Trang 1-9 - 2015
Andrew A Schultz, Kevin K Kumagai, Brent B Bridges
In the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, several salmonid species are listed as threatened or endangered. One potential cause of lower juvenile salmonid survival may be predation by striped bass (Morone saxatilis) and other piscivores. Acoustic telemetry is routinely used to estimate salmonid behavior and survival by releasing and detecting tagged juvenile salmonids with the assumption acoustic-tagged salmon are not consumed by predators. If this assumption is violated, behavior and survival estimates may be misinterpreted. A key consideration is the time taken by an acoustic tag to pass through the digestive tract of a predatory fish. All tagged dead juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) placed into the Tracy Fish Collection Facility (TFCF) primary channel were verified as being consumed by a predator and the tags evacuated from the predator’s gut, via evaluation of two-dimensional (2D) tracks and detection signal patterns from single and multiple hydrophones. Tracks and signal patterns simultaneously showed after time of consumption. Salmon were traveling around the primary channel, moving both with and against flow in both a linear and non-linear manner indicative of a free-swimming fish. Given salmon were dead prior to consumption, we feel confident they were inside a predatory fish. Further support for this was provided by two previously tagged striped bass with active tags that consumed tagged dead salmon from our study and an unknown predator that consumed two tagged dead salmon from our study at points about 30 min apart. Mean tag evacuation time was 1.8 days, ranging from 1.2 to 2.7 days (N = 14, SD = 0.49). Although not significant, we found a suggestive linear relationship (r
2 = 0.23; df = 12; P < 0.08) between mean water temperature during tag retention and tag evacuation time. We have strong evidence in the ability to confirm predation and measure the rate at which free-swimming predatory fishes digestively pass acoustic tags that were implanted in Chinook salmon within the TFCF primary channel. Our results have possible application to other areas/systems depending on the physical characteristics of the site, design of the hydrophone array, and methods used.
Tỷ lệ sống, quá trình hồi phục và khả năng bơi của cá đèn biển di cư (Petromyzon marinus) được cấy ghép bằng một thiết bị truyền tín hiệu âm thanh siêu nhỏ mới dành cho các loài cá giống như lươn nhỏ Dịch bởi AI Animal Biotelemetry -
Taylor F Haas, Theodore Castro‐Santos, Scott M. Miehls, Zhiqun Deng, Tyler Bruning, C. Michael Wagner
Đại cương
Thông tin nền
Ít được biết đến về giai đoạn chuyển đổi của cá đèn ký sinh, một khoảng thời gian ngắn nhưng quan trọng bao gồm quá trình di cư của cá juvenile từ sông ra hồ hoặc đại dương để bắt đầu ăn ký sinh. Thông tin về giai đoạn sinh sống này có thể có ý nghĩa bảo tồn quan trọng đối với cả những loài cá đèn đang gặp nguy hiểm và các loài cá đèn xâm lấn. Chúng tôi đã nghiên cứu việc giữ lại ký hiệu, tỷ lệ sống, tốc độ hồi phục vết thương và khả năng bơi lội của cá đèn biển mới chuyển đổi (Petromyzon marinus) được cấy ghép bằng một máy phát âm thanh siêu nhỏ mới, thiết bị truyền tín hiệu âm thanh lươn-cá đèn (ELAT), trong một môi trường thí nghiệm được kiểm soát.
Kết quả
Tỷ lệ sống trong 61 ngày của các cá thể đã được gán ký hiệu là 71%, nằm trong khoảng được báo cáo trong các nghiên cứu tương tự về cá đèn juvenile. Tuy nhiên, tỷ lệ sống của những động vật gán ký hiệu này thấp hơn đáng kể so với nhóm đối chứng, với không có tác động nào được gán cho các yếu tố như chiều dài, khối lượng, tình trạng hoặc nguồn gốc quần thể (Hồ Great Lakes so với lưu vực Đại Tây Dương). Tử vong ở những con cá gán ký hiệu tập trung chủ yếu vào bốn ngày đầu sau phẫu thuật, cho thấy tổn thương do quá trình phẫu thuật. Thời gian phục hồi từ gây mê kéo dài bất thường có thể đã góp phần vào tỷ lệ tử vong tăng cao. Trong một bài kiểm tra bơi vọt đơn giản, động vật đã gán ký hiệu bơi chậm hơn đáng kể (− 22.5%) so với những con không gán ký hiệu, nhưng không có sự khác biệt đáng kể trong các bài kiểm tra bơi endurance. Điểm hồi phục vết thương tổng hợp vào ngày thứ tư là dự đoán có ý nghĩa về tốc độ bơi vọt tối đa vào ngày thứ hai mươi, và tình trạng vết thương có liên quan đến khối lượng động vật, nhưng không phải chiều dài, vào thời điểm gán ký hiệu.
Kết luận
Các hạn chế về tỷ lệ sống sót và hiệu suất bơi của cá đèn biển juvenile được cấy ghép bằng máy phát ELAT nằm trong các phạm vi hiện tại được báo cáo cho các nghiên cứu theo dõi telemetry với những loài cá nhỏ, khó quan sát. Kết quả của chúng tôi có thể được cải thiện với các kỹ thuật gây mê và phẫu thuật tinh vi hơn. Khả năng theo dõi các chuyển động di cư của những quần thể cá đèn ký sinh gặp nguy hiểm và gây hại sẽ cải thiện khả năng ước lượng tỷ lệ sinh tử, tồn tại và để điều tra các yếu tố môi trường điều chỉnh thời gian và tỷ lệ di chuyển trong các quần thể hoang dã.
Passive kHz lidar for the quantification of insect activity and dispersalAnimal Biotelemetry - Tập 6 - Trang 1-10 - 2018
Samuel Jansson, Mikkel Brydegaard
In recent years, our group has developed electro-optical remote sensing methods for the monitoring and classification of aerofauna. These methods include active lidar methods and passive, so-called dark-field methods that measure scattered sunlight. In comparison with satellite- and airborne remote sensing, our methods offer a spatiotemporal resolution several orders of magnitude higher, and unlike radar, they can be employed close to ground. Whereas passive methods are desirable due to lower power consumption and ease of use, they have until now lacked ranging capabilities. In this work, we demonstrate how passive ranging of sparse insects transiting the probe volume can be achieved with quadrant sensors. Insects are simulated in a raytracing model of the probe volume, and a ranging equation is devised based on the simulations. The ranging equation is implemented and validated with field data, and system parameters that vary with range are investigated. A model for estimating insect flight headings with modulation spectroscopy is implemented and tested with inconclusive results. Insect fluxes are retrieved through time-lag correlation of quadrant detector segments, showing that insects flew more with than against the wind during the study period. The presented method demonstrates how ranging can be achieved with quadrant sensors, and how it can be implemented with or without active illumination. A number of insect flight parameters can be extracted from the data produced by the sensor and correlated with complementary information about weather and topography. The approach has the potential to become a widespread and simple tool for monitoring abundances and fluxes of pests and disease vectors in the atmosphere.
