American Journal of Occupational Therapy
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Inside an Occupational Therapy–Disability Community Partnership to Promote Health Management: Ethnography of a Research Collaboration Abstract
Importance: Disability studies–informed occupational therapy is predicated on full and equal partnerships among occupational therapy practitioners, researchers, and disability communities. Community-based participatory research (CBPR) is an approach to research that aligns with this vision yet is not without challenges. Understanding the tensions that arise from stakeholders’ perspectives and priorities is critical for promoting collaboration between occupational therapy professionals and disability community partners.
Objective: To understand the group dynamics and relational processes of a CPBR team in the context of an intervention development study focused on health management for people with disabilities (PWD).
Design: This 9-mo ethnographic study included semistructured interviews and participant observation. Data were analyzed thematically.
Setting: Community-based multiagency collaborative.
Participants: Nine participants (6 academic team members, 4 of whom were trained as occupational therapists; 2 disability partners; and 1 managed-care organization representative) took part. Three participants self-identified as PWD.
Findings: CBPR processes, although productive, were fraught with challenges. Team members navigated competing priorities, varying power dynamics, and multifaceted roles and identities. Flexibility was needed to address diverse priorities, respond to unexpected challenges, and facilitate the project’s success.
Conclusions and Relevance: Deep commitment to a shared goal of health care justice for PWD and team members’ willingness to address tensions promoted successful collaboration. Intentional relationship building is needed for occupational therapy researchers to collaborate with members of disability communities as equal partners.
What This Article Adds: Disability studies–informed occupational therapy research demands that team members intentionally nurture equitable relationships through shared governance, clear communication, and recognition of the fluid nature of power dynamics.
American Journal of Occupational Therapy - Tập 75 Số 4 - 2021
Occupation in Lifestyle Redesign: The Well Elderly Study Occupational Therapy Program Abstract
This article describes an innovative preventive occupation-al therapy intervention for well older adults, the Well Elderly Treatment Program. In a previously reported large-scale randomized effectiveness study, this intervention was found to be highly successful in enhancing the physical and mental health, occupational functioning, and life satisfaction of multicultural, community-dwelling elders. In this article, the philosophical background, manner of development, topical content, methods of program delivery, and mechanisms underlying the program’s positive effects are discussed, along with implications for occupational therapy practice. The treatment was based on application of occupational science theory and research and emphasized the therapeutic process of lifestyle redesign in enabling the participants to actively and strategically select an individualized pattern of personally satisfying and health-promoting occupations. The wide-ranging effectiveness of the program supports the occupational therapy profession’s emphasis on occupation in affecting health and positions practitioners to extend their services to the realm of preventive interventions.
American Journal of Occupational Therapy - Tập 52 Số 5 - Trang 326-336 - 1998
Occupational Therapy Practice Framework: <i>Domain & Process</i> 2nd Edition
American Journal of Occupational Therapy - Tập 62 Số 6 - Trang 625-683 - 2008
Participation in the Occupations of Everyday Life Abstract
Participation or involvement in everyday occupations is vital for all humans. As described by the World Health Organization, participation has a positive influence on health and well-being. The presence of disability has been found to lead to participation that is less diverse, is located more in the home, involves fewer social relationships, and includes less active recreation. Occupational therapy is in a unique position to contribute to the development and fulfillment of participation for persons with and without disabilities. This article describes the nature and outcomes of participation. Characteristics to define and measure meaningful participation are outlined. Information about time use will help to develop an understanding of patterns of participation across locations, gender, culture, and the life span. Factors that affect participation within the environment, family, and persons are summarized. Occupational therapy research is needed to examine the complex relationship among person, environment, and participation in occupations. In practice and education, knowledge about participation can enhance the client-centered and evidence-based nature of occupational therapy services.
American Journal of Occupational Therapy - Tập 56 Số 6 - Trang 640-649 - 2002
Use of the UFOV to Evaluate and Retrain Visual Attention Skills in Clients With Stroke: A Pilot Study Abstract
Objective. The objective of this pilot study was to examine the use of a visual attention analyzer in the evaluation and retraining of useful field of view in clients with stroke.
Method. Fifty-two clients with stroke referred to a driving evaluation service were evaluated with a visual attention analyzer referred to as the UFOV. The UFOV assesses three aspects of visual attention: processing speed, divided attention, and selective attention. Seven participants were retested to determine the test–retest reliability of the UFOV. Six participated in the development of a training protocol and in a 20-session visual attention retraining program.
Results. UFOV scores indicated substantial reduction in visual attention in clients after stroke, with older participants performing the most poorly. Test–retest reliability was moderate (ICC = .70). Mean UFOV scores improved significantly after retraining.
Conclusion. Although UFOV scores indicated poor visual attention skills in clients with stroke, preliminary information suggests that UFOV scores significantly improve with training.
American Journal of Occupational Therapy - Tập 55 Số 5 - Trang 552-557 - 2001
2018 Accreditation Council for Occupational Therapy Education (ACOTE®) Standards and Interpretive Guide (effective July 31, 2020)
American Journal of Occupational Therapy - Tập 72 Số Supplement_2 - Trang 7212410005p1-7212410005p83 - 2018
Comparing and Exploring the Sensory Processing Patterns of Higher Education Students With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder Abstract
OBJECTIVE. Research regarding sensory processing and adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is limited. This study aimed to compare sensory processing patterns of groups of higher education students with ADHD or ASD and to explore the implications of these disorders for their college life.
METHOD.The Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile was administered to 28 students with ADHD and 27 students with ASD. Students and professionals were interviewed.
RESULTS. The majority of students received scores that differed from those of the general population. Students with ADHD received significantly higher scores than students with ASD in relation to sensation seeking; however, there were no other major differences.
CONCLUSION. Few differences exist between the sensory processing patterns of students with ADHD and ASD; however, both groups differ significantly from the general population. Occupational therapists should consider sensory processing patterns when designing supports for these groups.
American Journal of Occupational Therapy - Tập 70 Số 2 - Trang 7002250010p1-7002250010p9 - 2016
Sensory Features of Young Children From a Large Community Sample: Latent Factor Structures of the Sensory Experiences Questionnaire (Version 2.1, Short Form) Abstract
Importance: Although three sensory factors (hyperresponsiveness [HYPO]; hyporesponsiveness [HYPER]; and sensory interests, repetitions, and seeking behaviors [SIRS]) have been demonstrated among a wide age range of clinical populations, they have not been well validated in the general population, especially with a large community sample of young children.
Objective: To validate the factor structure of the Sensory Experiences Questionnaire (Version 2.1, Short Form; SEQv2.1) in a community sample and to confirm the factor structure’s existence in this sample.
Design: Caregivers completed the SEQv2.1, a parent-reported questionnaire designed to capture children’s everyday sensory experiences. The latent factors of the SEQv2.1 were examined using confirmatory factor analysis.
Setting: North Carolina.
Participants: Caregivers of 2,195 children age 3 yr were initially recruited through state birth records and were eligible to participate if the child did not have a history of serious medical problems and English was the family’s primary language.
Outcomes and Measures: SEQv2.1.
Results: The SEQv2.1 showed validity in the community sample. Similar to previous research with clinical populations, the three broad patterns of sensory responsiveness were also confirmed in this large community sample of young children, but associations among the factors differed.
Conclusions and Relevance: Validation of the three-sensory-factor structure in the general population suggests that these constructs are similar to those found with samples of participants with autism spectrum disorder and developmental disabilities. This finding underscores the importance of understanding the normative development of sensory features across a wider age range to better delineate qualitative differences underlying sensory features between clinical and general populations.
What This Article Adds: Occupational therapists seeking to assess children’s sensory features can use the SEQv2.1 not only with clinical samples but also with children in the general population.
American Journal of Occupational Therapy - Tập 76 Số 3 - 2022
Observational Characterization of Sensory Interests, Repetitions, and Seeking Behaviors Abstract Sensory interests, repetitions, and seeking behaviors (SIRS) are common among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other developmental disabilities (DD) and involve unusual actions that intensify or reinforce a sensory experience. Researchers and practitioners typically use parent-report measures or informal clinical observations to understand the presence and nature of SIRS. In this study, we used a scoring supplement to the Sensory Processing Assessment for Young Children, an observational measure, to characterize SIRS across three groups of children—those with ASD (n = 40), DD (n = 37), and typical development (n = 39). Group differences were identified in frequency and intensity of overall SIRS, complexity of SIRS, and incidence of particular types of SIRS (i.e., posturing, sighting, proprioceptive seeking, spinning). Facial affect was also explored and found to be primarily neutral during engagement in SIRS across groups. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.
American Journal of Occupational Therapy - Tập 69 Số 3 - Trang 6903220010p1-6903220010p9 - 2015
Parent Stress in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and the Influence of Parent and Infant Characteristics Abstract
OBJECTIVE. This study investigated the stress experienced by parents in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), the infant and parent characteristics that resulted in different stress responses, and the characteristics that were predictive of stress.
METHOD. The Parental Stress Scale: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit was used to measure the stress of 162 parents. A Parent/Infant Demographic sheet provided information for determining which characteristics resulted in different responses and which variables were stress predictors.
RESULTS. The highest levels of stress experienced were in the relationship with baby–parental role area, and regarding how the baby looked and behaved. The infant characteristic of gestational age resulted in significantly different scores concerning the baby’s appearance and behavior. Consistent predictors of stress were length of stay, extreme prematurity, and a cardiovascular diagnosis.
CONCLUSION. Identifying the stressors parents experience can assist NICU therapists in intervention planning. Family-centered care that addresses stressors concerning their roles and their understanding of their infant should be emphasized.
American Journal of Occupational Therapy - Tập 58 Số 5 - Trang 509-520 - 2004
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