Allerton Press

The sorption properties of a modified ethylenediamine humate (EDA–H) sorbent toward Co2+ and Ni2+ metal ions are considered. The results of the influence of sorbent norm (0.05–2.0 g), process time (15–120 min), and metal concentration (0.005, 0.05, and 0.5 g/L) are presented. The advanced extraction of cobalt(II) in solutions with low and medium metal concentrations (0.005–0.05 g/L) and nickel(II) in solutions with a high concentration of cations (0.5 g/L) were detected. Based on the data of physicochemical analysis, it can be assumed that complexation with the sorbent occurred in the course of Co(II) and Ni(II) metal sorption by the sorbent.

The experimental results on the hydrogenation of petroleum residues with the use of a mixture of water-soluble molybdenum, nickel, manganese, and cobalt salts taken in various atomic ratios and emulsified in raw materials are reported. The experiments were performed in order to optimize the performance characteristics of the hydrogenation of petroleum residues and other hydrocarbon-containing materials at a low pressure of hydrogen. A positive effect of the use of combined catalysts on the decrease of the coking capacity, the sulfur content of residual fractions, and the total conversion of raw materials was found.

It is found coliquefaction of coal and low-density polyethylene (LDPE) using boron trifluoride etherate as catalyst and adding a small quantity of sodium lignosulfonate at 380°C enhance coal depolymerization. Coal residue has been characterized by fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) to obtain confirmatory evidence. The product analyses using 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-NMR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) techniques are also presented. 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR calculate results suggest that the products contain a significant amount of the desirable hexane soluble fraction. GPC studies indicate using boron trifluoride etherate as catalyst, the weight-averaged molecular weight for the overall liquid product is lower than obtained using ammonium molybdate as catalyst. Coal and LDPE are almost completely converted and total conversion achieves 94.83%.

The combined cracking of mechanically treated brown coal, petroleum residue, and isopropanol was performed, and the composition of the products obtained was studied.

The products of the pyrolysis and hydrogenation of worn tires were studied. The main physicochemical characteristics of the liquid and solid products of their processing by these methods were determined. The functional groups of compounds that are the constituents of the liquid products were identified by IR spectrometry. The component composition was studied by gas chromatography. It was found that higher quality liquid fuel can be obtained by hydrogenation, as compared with that prepared by pyrolysis.

The effect of the chemical composition of solid fuel from municipal solid waste on its applicability to the cement industry is considered. The morphological components primarily responsible for undesirable chemical elements, the extraction of which will make it possible to obtain high quality fuel, were revealed by the analysis of the chemical and morphological composition of municipal solid waste.

The use of a solution of total shale phenols, furfural, and Thiokol with various filling materials makes it possible to prepare polymer concrete with a strength to 75 MN/m2 and a heat resistance to 300°C.