Abstract Objective: Reliable and valid measures of pain are needed to advance
research initiatives on appropriate and effective use of analgesia in the
emergency department (ED). The reliability of visual analog scale (VAS) scores
has not been demonstrated in the acute setting where pain fluctuation might be
greater than for chronic pain. The objective of the study was to assess the
reliability of... hiện toàn bộ
Jenny W. Rudolph, Robert Simon, Daniel B. Raemer, Walter Eppich
AbstractThe authors present a four‐step model of debriefing as formative
assessment that blends evidence and theory from education research, the social
and cognitive sciences, experience drawn from conducting over 3,000 debriefings,
and teaching debriefing to approximately 1,000 clinicians worldwide. The steps
are to: 1) note salient performance gaps related to predetermined objectives, 2)
provide... hiện toàn bộ
ABSTRACTCareful consideration of statistical issues related to the choice of a
sample size is critical for achieving meaningful results in research studies
designed to evaluate diagnostic tests. When assessing the ability of a
diagnostic test to screen for disease, the parameters sensitivity, specificity,
and predictive values are of interest. Study sample size requirements can be
calculated based... hiện toàn bộ
Robert W. Derlet, John R. Richards, Richard L. Kravitz
Abstract. Objective: To describe the definition, extent, and factors associated
with overcrowding in emergency departments (EDs) in the United States as
perceived by ED directors. Methods: Surveys were mailed to a random sample of
EDs in all 50 states. Questions included ED census, frequency, impact, and
determination of overcrowding. Respondents were asked to rank perceived causes
using a five‐po... hiện toàn bộ
Abstract. Objectives: To determine the minimum clinically significant difference
in visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores for acute pain in the ED setting and to
determine whether this difference varies with gender, age, or cause of pain.
Methods: A prospective, descriptive study of 152 adult patients presenting to
the ED with acute pain. At presentation and at 20‐minute intervals to a maximum
of ... hiện toàn bộ
Clinical decision making is a cornerstone of high‐quality care in emergency
medicine. The density of decision making is unusually high in this unique
milieu, and a combination of strategies has necessarily evolved to manage the
load. In addition to the traditional hypothetico‐deductive method, emergency
physicians use several other approaches, principal among which are heuristics.
These cognitive ... hiện toàn bộ
Thomas E. Jager, Harold Weiss, Jeffrey H. Coben, Paul E. Pepe
Abstract. Objective: To describe the incidence and patient characteristics of
traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) treated in U.S. emergency departments (EDs).
Methods: A secondary analysis was performed on data from the National Hospital
Ambulatory Medical Care Survey administered from 1992 to 1994. An ED visit was
determined to represent a case of TBI if the case record contained ICD‐9‐CM
codes of 80... hiện toàn bộ
ABSTRACTObjective: To evaluate the effect of cartoon illustrations on patient
comprehension of and compliance with ED release instructions.Methods: A
prospective, randomized, controlled study of consecutive patients who presented
to the ED of a community teaching hospital with lacerations necessitating wound
repair during a three‐month study period. At ED release, the patients were
randomly assign... hiện toàn bộ