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Small Reynolds number nearly isotropic turbulence in a straight duct and a contraction
AIP Publishing - Tập 21 Số 12 - Trang 2129-2140 - 1978
J. Bennett, S. Corrsin
Measurements have been made of nearly isotropic, low Reynolds number, grid-generated turbulence. The decay results agree with the predictions for ’’final period’’ isotropic turbulence decay (in time) by the linear approximation of von Kármán and Howarth, and Batchelor and Townsend. This agreement occurs in spite of the fact that at the smallest turbulence Reynolds number attained, Rλ≈4, th...... hiện toàn bộ
Effect of Grid Geometry on Turbulence Decay
AIP Publishing - Tập 10 Số 6 - Trang 1216-1224 - 1967
Mahinder S. Uberoi, Stanley Wallis
Longitudinal and lateral turbulence intensities u2¯ and v2¯ are measured behind homogeneous grids of various geometries. For all grids used, the ratio u2¯/v2¯ is essentially constant during decay and lies between 1.2 and 1.35, depending on the grid geometry. The turbulence intensity u2¯∼t−n where n is constant during decay but depends on the grid geometry and varies from 1.22 to 1.48. This...... hiện toàn bộ
Laboratory double layers
AIP Publishing - Tập 22 Số 6 - Trang 1171-1181 - 1979
Peter Coakley, N. Hershkowitz
Strong electric potential double layers (eφ/Te≳10) are produced in the University of Iowa’s triple plasma device. The electron beam which results from acceleration by the double layer maintains its identity with little heating until it reaches the end of the chamber. Structure of the double layers is seen to depend upon the characteristics of the free and trapped particle species. A three-...... hiện toàn bộ
New Variational Principle for Incompressible Non-Newtonian Flow
AIP Publishing - Tập 3 Số 4 - Trang 539-541 - 1960
R. Byron Bird
A variational principle is given which describes the steady laminar motion of simple non-Newtonian fluids, for which the viscosity is a function of the second invariant of the rate of deformation tensor. This principle simplifies to von Helmholtz's principle for the Newtonian fluid, and to Tomita's principle for the Ostwald-de Waele fluid. For the latter two types of fluids, the equations ...... hiện toàn bộ
Contributions to Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics. I. Theory of Hydrodynamical Fluctuations
AIP Publishing - Tập 13 Số 8 - Trang 1893-1902 - 1970
Ronald F. Fox, G. E. Uhlenbeck
The velocity of a particle in Brownian motion as described by the Langevin equation is a stationary Gaussian–Markov process. Similarly, in the formulation of the laws of non-equilibrium thermodynamics by Onsager and Machlup, the macroscopic variables describing the state of a system lead to an n-component stationary Gaussian–Markov process, which, in addition, these authors assumed to be e...... hiện toàn bộ
Rotational and Vibrational Relaxation in Diatomic Gases
AIP Publishing - Tập 2 Số 4 - Trang 449-462 - 1959
J. G. Parker
Calculations of rotational and vibrational relaxation times for gases composed of homonuclear diatomic molecules have been carried out. The model used for the molecular interaction potential consists of an attractive component, which acts between geometrical centers of the molecules, and a repulsive component which is assumed to originate from two centers of force in each of the molecules....... hiện toàn bộ
Stability of an Electrically Charged Droplet
AIP Publishing - Tập 5 Số 5 - Trang 575-582 - 1962
Gedalia Ailam, Isaiah Gallily
The stability of an electrically charged droplet with respect to mechanical deformations is studied under the assumptions that the liquid is perfectly conducting, the medium devoid of external fields of force, and the sum of the electrical and mechanical energies in the system conserved. Unlike Rayleigh's case, which dealt with small perturbations of spherical drops, the deformations consi...... hiện toàn bộ
Mechanism of atomization of a liquid jet
AIP Publishing - Tập 25 Số 10 - Trang 1730-1742 - 1982
Rolf D. Reitz, F. V. Bracco
In the atomization regime of a round liquid jet, a diverging spray is observed immediately at the nozzle exit. The mechanism that controls atomization has not yet been determined even though several have been proposed. Experiments are reported with constant liquid pressures from 500 psia (33 atm) to 2500 psia (166 atm) with five different mixtures of water and glycerol into nitrogen, heliu...... hiện toàn bộ
Generation of density cavities and localized electric fields in a nonuniform plasma
AIP Publishing - Tập 20 Số 7 - Trang 1135-1147 - 1977
G. J. Morales, Y. C. Lee
A simple model is presented which is capable of describing the detailed space-time evolution of the interaction of long wavelength electromagnetic radiation with an unmagnetized plasma having a nonuniform density profile. The model consists of describing the electric field via the nonlinear Schrödinger equation and the density changes through the ion-acoustic wave equation with the pondero...... hiện toàn bộ
Upper-hybrid solitons and oscillating-two-stream instabilities
AIP Publishing - Tập 19 Số 6 - Trang 872-881 - 1976
M. Porkoláb, M. V. Goldman
A warm two-fluid theory of soliton formation near the upper-hybrid frequency is developed. Several forms of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation are obtained, depending on whether the electric field is completely perpendicular to the dc magnetic field or whether it has an additional small component parallel to the magnetic field. For the perpendicular case, the character of the soliton depen...... hiện toàn bộ
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