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Secondary Currents in Wall Turbulence
AIP Publishing - Tập 10 Số 9 - Trang S122-S125 - 1967
J. O. Hinze
Considering the region not too close to the wall, application of the usual boundary-layer approximations to the balance equation for the turbulence kinetic energy leads to the following rule: When in a localized region the production is much greater (smaller) than the dissipation, there must be a secondary current that transports turbulence-poor fluid into (outwards) this region and turbul...... hiện toàn bộ
Small Reynolds number nearly isotropic turbulence in a straight duct and a contraction
AIP Publishing - Tập 21 Số 12 - Trang 2129-2140 - 1978
J. Bennett, S. Corrsin
Measurements have been made of nearly isotropic, low Reynolds number, grid-generated turbulence. The decay results agree with the predictions for ’’final period’’ isotropic turbulence decay (in time) by the linear approximation of von Kármán and Howarth, and Batchelor and Townsend. This agreement occurs in spite of the fact that at the smallest turbulence Reynolds number attained, Rλ≈4, th...... hiện toàn bộ
Effect of Grid Geometry on Turbulence Decay
AIP Publishing - Tập 10 Số 6 - Trang 1216-1224 - 1967
Mahinder S. Uberoi, Stanley Wallis
Longitudinal and lateral turbulence intensities u2¯ and v2¯ are measured behind homogeneous grids of various geometries. For all grids used, the ratio u2¯/v2¯ is essentially constant during decay and lies between 1.2 and 1.35, depending on the grid geometry. The turbulence intensity u2¯∼t−n where n is constant during decay but depends on the grid geometry and varies from 1.22 to 1.48. This...... hiện toàn bộ
An examination of hot-wire length corrections
AIP Publishing - Tập 26 Số 7 - Trang 1751-1754 - 1983
R. W. Derksen, R. S. Azad
A comprehensive experimental examination is presented of the effect of hot-wire length for a single-wire probe. Specially constructed hot wires, with 2.5 μm and 5.0 μm nominal diameters and lengths from 0.3 mm to 2.8 mm, were used to measure the one-dimensional spectrum of the streamwise fluctuating velocity component u as well as the skewness and flatness of both u and du/dt. All measurem...... hiện toàn bộ
Experiments on turbulence behind a grid with jet injection in downstream and upstream direction
AIP Publishing - Tập 18 Số 4 - Trang 411-414 - 1975
Y. Tassa, Y. Kamotani
Turbulence behind a biplanar grid with jets of air injected at the grid surface either in the upstream or the downstream direction was found to be nearly isotropic for x/M ≳ 20. Turbulence level increases with the injection rate for both upstream and downstream injection. The shape of the energy spectrum functions and microscales do not vary with the injection rate. The microscales for ups...... hiện toàn bộ
Geodesic Acoustic Waves in Hydromagnetic Systems
AIP Publishing - Tập 11 Số 11 - Trang 2448-2450 - 1968
N. K. Winsor, John L. Johnson, J. M. Dawson
In toroidal systems with geodesic curvature an electrostatic acoustic mode occurs with plasma motion in the magnetic surfaces, perpendicular to the field. In typical stellarators this mode should dominate ordinary sound waves associated with motion along the field.
Laboratory double layers
AIP Publishing - Tập 22 Số 6 - Trang 1171-1181 - 1979
Peter Coakley, N. Hershkowitz
Strong electric potential double layers (eφ/Te≳10) are produced in the University of Iowa’s triple plasma device. The electron beam which results from acceleration by the double layer maintains its identity with little heating until it reaches the end of the chamber. Structure of the double layers is seen to depend upon the characteristics of the free and trapped particle species. A three-...... hiện toàn bộ
Nonlinear theory of rf heating at cyclotron harmonics
AIP Publishing - Tập 19 Số 2 - Trang 245-255 - 1976
Johannes Schmitt
The nonlinear interaction of a single particle with an electromagnetic wave at a cyclotron harmonic is studied. Emphasis is on the large wavelength limit (fast wave). The cases of a coherent wave particle interaction and of an incoherent interaction are treated. In both cases explicit expressions for the temporal evolution of the particle perpendicular energy distribution function are pres...... hiện toàn bộ
New Variational Principle for Incompressible Non-Newtonian Flow
AIP Publishing - Tập 3 Số 4 - Trang 539-541 - 1960
R. Byron Bird
A variational principle is given which describes the steady laminar motion of simple non-Newtonian fluids, for which the viscosity is a function of the second invariant of the rate of deformation tensor. This principle simplifies to von Helmholtz's principle for the Newtonian fluid, and to Tomita's principle for the Ostwald-de Waele fluid. For the latter two types of fluids, the equations ...... hiện toàn bộ
Contributions to Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics. I. Theory of Hydrodynamical Fluctuations
AIP Publishing - Tập 13 Số 8 - Trang 1893-1902 - 1970
Ronald F. Fox, G. E. Uhlenbeck
The velocity of a particle in Brownian motion as described by the Langevin equation is a stationary Gaussian–Markov process. Similarly, in the formulation of the laws of non-equilibrium thermodynamics by Onsager and Machlup, the macroscopic variables describing the state of a system lead to an n-component stationary Gaussian–Markov process, which, in addition, these authors assumed to be e...... hiện toàn bộ
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