Vai trò của tế bào gốc đại tràng và các mối nối khe trong vị trí khởi nguồn bên trái và bên phải của ung thư đại trực tràng là gì?

Journal of Cell Communication and Signaling - Tập 11 - Trang 79-87 - 2017
James E. Trosko1, Heinz-Josef Lenz2
1Department Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA
2University of California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, USA

Tóm tắt

Bài viết "Nhận định" này xem xét một quan sát lâm sàng quan trọng rằng các khối u ác tính đại trực tràng bên phải dường như ít khả năng điều trị hơn so với các khối u bên trái. Các khái niệm về (a) quá trình "khởi phát/khuyến khích/tăng trưởng", (b) giả thuyết tế bào gốc, (c) vai trò của giao tiếp tế bào qua các mối nối khe, (d) các tế bào ung thư thiếu GJIC do không biểu hiện các gen connexin hoặc do các protein mối nối khe không hoạt động, và (e) vai trò của hệ vi sinh vật trong việc khuyến khích các tế bào gốc đại tràng đã được khởi phát phân chia đối xứng hoặc không đối xứng sẽ được xem xét để tìm kiếm một lời giải thích. Đã có suy đoán rằng các tổn thương "giống phôi" trong manh tràng là các tế bào gốc đã được khởi phát, được khuyến khích thông qua quá trình phân chia tế bào đối xứng, trong khi các tổn thương kiểu polyp ở đại tràng xuống là các tế bào gốc khởi phát được kích thích phân chia không đối xứng. Để kiểm tra giả thuyết này, có thể thiết kế các thí nghiệm để kiểm tra xem các tổn thương bên phải có thể biểu hiện gen Oct4A và ABCG2 nhưng không có bất kỳ gen connexin nào, trong khi các tổn thương bên trái có thể biểu hiện một gen connexin nhưng không có gen Oct4A hoặc ABCG2. Điều trị các tổn thương bên phải có thể bao gồm các chất điều hòa phiên mã, trong khi các tổn thương bên trái sẽ cần phục hồi trạng thái sau dịch mã của các protein connexin.

Từ khóa

#ung thư đại trực tràng #tế bào gốc đại tràng #mối nối khe #giao tiếp tế bào #điều trị ung thư

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