Nội dung được dịch bởi AI, chỉ mang tính chất tham khảo
Những thuộc tính nào của chính sách quản lý chất thải bắt buộc có thể nâng cao ý định phân loại rác của cư dân ở Trung Quốc? Một thí nghiệm lựa chọn hành vi
Tóm tắt
Trung Quốc đang phải đối mặt với một cuộc khủng hoảng chất thải nghiêm trọng. Mặc dù đã thực hiện nhiều chính sách bắt buộc trong suốt vài năm qua, nhưng ý định phân loại rác của cư dân vẫn không có sự cải thiện đáng kể. Do đó, việc lý thuyết hóa câu hỏi về loại chính sách bắt buộc nào là hiệu quả nhất là rất cấp bách. Trong nghiên cứu này, chúng tôi đề xuất chính sách bắt buộc như một sự kết hợp của năm thuộc tính, đó là, hình phạt kinh tế, hình phạt xã hội, giám sát, thu phí và quản lý cộng đồng, và tiến hành một thí nghiệm lựa chọn chính sách với 354 người tham gia. Kết quả của phân tích đồng nhất ngẫu nhiên cho thấy hình phạt kinh tế, giám sát và quản lý cộng đồng là những yếu tố chính có ảnh hưởng đến ý định phân loại. Chính sách bắt buộc có tác động tương tác với các chính sách bổ trợ; cụ thể, quản lý cộng đồng và giám sát có hiệu quả cao hơn, trong khi cư dân cũng có xu hướng sẵn lòng trả tiền phạt hơn khi có chính sách đổi điểm hoặc hệ thống hạ tầng phát triển tốt. Tác động của chính sách bắt buộc cũng thay đổi theo từng nhóm cư dân. Phụ nữ, những người có trình độ học vấn cao hoặc thu nhập cao có xu hướng phân loại rác nhiều hơn, trong khi những người cao tuổi, thuê nhà và cư dân đã sống trong môi trường hơn 20 năm thì ít có khả năng phân loại hơn. Kết quả phân tích lợi ích xã hội cho thấy rằng việc tăng cường hình phạt, giám sát và quản lý cộng đồng cũng giúp cải thiện phúc lợi xã hội. Để các chính sách bắt buộc hoạt động tốt hơn, điều quan trọng là phải không ngừng cải thiện quản lý cộng đồng, tăng chi phí vi phạm, đẩy mạnh giám sát chất thải, hoàn thiện cơ chế thưởng và cải thiện cơ sở hạ tầng phân loại rác.
Từ khóa
#quản lý chất thải; chính sách bắt buộc; ý định phân loại; giám sát; phúc lợi xã hộiTài liệu tham khảo
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