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Tác động của virus coronavirus mới và việc tiêm phòng đến hội chứng Guillain–Barré là gì?
Molecular Neurobiology - Trang 1-16 - 2023
Tóm tắt
Đại dịch COVID-19, do virus SARS-CoV-2 gây ra, đã dẫn đến những hậu quả y tế và kinh tế tàn khốc trên toàn thế giới trong 3 năm qua. Khi đại dịch bước vào giai đoạn mới, việc xem xét tác động tiềm tàng lên các bệnh hiếm gặp như hội chứng Guillain–Barré (GBS) là điều cần thiết, bởi GBS đã có mối liên hệ chặt chẽ với COVID-19 kể từ khi trường hợp GBS liên quan đến COVID-19 đầu tiên được báo cáo vào tháng 1 năm 2020. Có những khác biệt đáng kể giữa GBS liên quan đến COVID-19 và GBS không có COVID-19 về các loại chẩn đoán và biểu hiện lâm sàng. Hơn nữa, với việc tiêm phòng vaccine COVID-19 lan rộng, đã có các báo cáo về GBS xảy ra ngay sau khi tiêm chủng, điều này cần được chú ý dù tỷ lệ xảy ra rất hiếm. Bài tổng quan này cũng khám phá các loại vaccine liên quan đến tăng nguy cơ GBS, cung cấp những thông tin có thể hướng dẫn các chính sách tiêm phòng và thực hành lâm sàng. Để cung cấp một tóm tắt trực quan về những phát hiện này, chúng tôi đã bao gồm một tóm tắt đồ họa. Bài viết này sẽ thảo luận về các biểu hiện đặc trưng của các bệnh nhân GBS sau khi có kết quả dương tính với virus corona mới và độ an toàn của một số vaccine COVID-19. Đầu tiên, bài viết này giải thích và thảo luận một cách toàn diện về các khía cạnh dịch tễ học của GBS liên quan đến virus corona mới. Ví dụ, từ góc độ cùng một quần thể, tỷ lệ mắc GBS trong quần thể dương tính với COVID-19 (người/100.000 người/năm) đang cao gấp khoảng 43 lần so với quần thể âm tính với COVID-19, và tỷ lệ mắc GBS đã tăng lên đáng kể. Thứ hai, các đặc điểm lâm sàng của bệnh nhân GBS âm tính với COVID-19 và bệnh nhân GBS do SARS-CoV-2 (SC2-GBS) đã được tóm tắt và so sánh. Thứ ba, bài viết này tổng kết các trường hợp GBS trong các sự kiện bất lợi sau tiêm phòng COVID-19 và phân tích, thảo luận từ nhiều khía cạnh, chẳng hạn như tỷ lệ sự kiện GBS, tỷ lệ tuổi của bệnh nhân, và khoảng thời gian khởi phát.
Từ khóa
#COVID-19 #hội chứng Guillain–Barré #SARS-CoV-2 #vaccine #y tế công cộngTài liệu tham khảo
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