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Vorinostat dương tính điều chỉnh biểu hiện gen tính linh hoạt synapse và mật độ gai trong tế bào thần kinh nhiễm HIV: vai trò của nicotine trong sự tiến triển của rối loạn nhận thức thần kinh liên quan đến HIV
Tóm tắt
Rối loạn nhận thức thần kinh liên quan đến HIV (HAND) được đặc trưng bởi sự phát triển của những bất thường về nhận thức, hành vi và vận động, xảy ra ở khoảng 50% cá nhân nhiễm HIV. Tại Hoa Kỳ, tỷ lệ hút thuốc lá dao động từ 35-70% ở các cá nhân nhiễm HIV so với 20% trong tổng dân số. Suy giảm nhận thức ở những người nghiện thuốc lá nặng đã được báo cáo rõ ràng. Tuy nhiên, các tác động cộng hưởng giữa nicotine và nhiễm HIV cũng như các cơ chế tiềm ẩn trong sự phát triển của HAND vẫn chưa được biết đến. Trong nghiên cứu này, chúng tôi đã khám phá vai trò của nicotine trong sự tiến triển của HAND bằng cách sử dụng dòng tế bào thần kinh SK-N-MC. Các tế bào SK-N-MC đã được nhiễm HIV-1 trong sự hiện diện hoặc vắng mặt của nicotine trong 7 ngày. Chúng tôi đã quan sát thấy sự gia tăng đáng kể khả năng nhiễm HIV ở SK-N-MC được điều trị bằng nicotine so với các tế bào thần kinh nhiễm HIV không điều trị. HIV và nicotine cộng hưởng để làm rối loạn đáng kể biểu hiện của các gen tính linh hoạt synapse và mật độ gai; đồng thời làm gia tăng mức độ HDAC2 trong tế bào SK-N-MC. Ngoài ra, việc ức chế sự gia tăng HDAC2 bằng cách sử dụng vorinostat dẫn đến sự phá vỡ tình trạng tiềm tàng của HIV và phục hồi biểu hiện của các gen tính linh hoạt synapse cũng như mật độ gai ở tế bào SK-N-MC bị nhiễm nicotine/HIV riêng lẻ và trong điều trị đồng thời. Hơn nữa, sự phosphoryl hóa gia tăng của eIF2 alpha, điều chỉnh tiêu cực quá trình dịch mã eukaryote, đã được quan sát thấy ở HIV đơn lẻ và trong điều trị đồng thời với nicotine so với tế bào SK-N-MC không điều trị và chỉ được điều trị bằng nicotine. Những kết quả này gợi ý rằng nicotine và HIV cộng hưởng để điều chỉnh tiêu cực sự biểu hiện gen tính linh hoạt synapse và mật độ gai, và điều này có thể góp phần vào việc tăng nguy cơ HAND ở những người hút thuốc nhiễm HIV. Ngoài việc làm rối loạn tình trạng tiềm tàng, vorinostat có thể là một liệu pháp có giá trị để ức chế các tác động điều chỉnh tiêu cực lên tính linh hoạt synapse ở những người nghiện nicotine nhiễm HIV.
Từ khóa
#HIV #rối loạn nhận thức thần kinh #HAND #nicotine #vorinostat #tế bào thần kinh #tính linh hoạt synapseTài liệu tham khảo
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