Variations of forest soil organic carbon and its influencing factors in east China
Tóm tắt
Forest and soil types are the main factors that influence the distribution pattern of soil organic carbon (SOC) in forests across east China. In general, SOC density was largest in north-eastern China, followed by south-eastern China, and lowest in middle-eastern China, due to regional climate and the dominant forest type (young plantations in middle-eastern China). Forest SOC plays an important role in the carbon cycle in China, but large spatial heterogeneity and insufficient field observations lead to large uncertainties in the estimation of SOC. The objectives of this study were to evaluate forest SOC density in different geographic regions, forest types, and soil types and to investigate the spatial variation of SOC in forests across east China. The estimation of forest SOC was based on 348 soil profiles, which were collected from 116 forest sites in east China during 2008–2011. The average SOC content was 17.5 g C kg−1, which leads to an average SOC density of 12.4 kg C m−2. The average SOC density in the organic horizon and mineral horizon was 5.47 and 6.91 kg C m−2, respectively, with 44.2 % SOC density dominating in the organic horizon. The average forest SOC density in north-eastern, middle-eastern, and south-eastern China was 13.5, 9.95, and 13.3 kg C m−2, respectively. SOC distribution varied among regions, forest types, and soil types in east China. The importance of influencing factors switched with depth, precipitation, and temperature dominating in the organic horizon and soil texture dominating in the mineral horizon.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Batjes NH (1996) Total carbon and nitrogen in the soils of the world. Eur J Soil Sci 47:151–163. doi:10.1111/ejss.12114_1
Bohn HL (1982) Estimate of organic carbon in world soils: II. Soil Sci Soc Am J 46:1118–1119. doi:10.2136/sssaj1982.03615995004600050050x
China Meteorological Administration. China meteorological data sharing service system. Available at: http://cdc.cma.gov.cn/
Chinese Ministry of Forestry (2009) Forest resource statistics of China (2004–2008) Department of Forest Resource and Management. Chinese Ministry of Forestry, Beijing
Chinese National Investigation Office (1993–1996) Chinese soil. Beijing, Chinese Agricultural Press
Chinese Soil General Survey Office (1993) Chinese soil classification system. Agriculture Press, Beijing
Chinese Soil Taxonomy Research Group, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Cooperative Research Group on Chinese Soil Taxonomy (2001) Keys to Chinese soil taxonomy, 3rd edn. University of Science and Technology of China Press, Hefei, In Chinese
Dai EF, Zhai RX, Ge QS, Wu XQ (2014) Detecting the storage and change on topsoil organic carbon in grasslands of Inner Mongolia from 1980s to 2010s. J Geogr Sci 24:1035–1046. doi:10.1007/s11442-014-1136-9
Davidson EA, Trumbore SE, Amundson R (2000) Soil warming and organic carbon content. Nature 408:789–790. doi:10.1038/35048672
Eswaran H, Van DBE, Reich P (1993) Organic carbon in soils of the world. Soil Sci Soc Am J 57:192–194. doi:10.2136/sssaj1993.03615995005700010034x
Fu XL, Shao MA, Wei XR, Horton R (2010) Soil organic carbon and total nitrogen as affected by vegetation types in Northern Loess Plateau of China. Geoderma 155:31–35. doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.11.020
Han FP, Hu W, Zheng WP, Du F, Zhang XC (2010) Estimating soil organic carbon storage and distribution in a catchment of Loess Plateau, China. Geoderma 154:261–266. doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.10.011
Hou XY (1983) Vegetation of China with reference to its geographical distribution. Ann Mo Bot Gard 70:508–548. doi:10.2307/2992085
Huang ZL, Tian YW, Xiao WF, Ma DJ (2013) Soil organic carbon sequestration in protection forest in Three Gorges reservoir area. J Nanjing Forest Univ (Nat Sci Edit) 37:15–20, In Chinese with English abstract
International Soil Reference and Information Center, van Reeuwijk LP (eds) (1995) Procedures for soil analysis. ISRCI, Wageningen
Jenny H (1941) Factors of soil formation, a system of quantitative pedology. McGraw-Hill, New York
Jin F, Yang H, Cai ZC, Zhao QG (2001) Calculation of density and reserve of organic carbon in soils. Acta Pedol Sin 38:522–528, In Chinese with English abstract
Jobba’gy EG, Jackson RB (2000) The vertical distribution of soil organic carbon and its relation to climate and vegetation. Ecol Appl 10:423–436. doi:10.2307/2641104
Kern JS (1994) Spatial patterns of soil organic carbon in the contiguous United States. Soil Sci Soc Am J 58:439–455. doi:10.2136/sssaj1994.03615995005800020029x
Lal R, Kimble J, Levine E, Whitman C (1995) World soils and greenhouse effect: an overview. In: Lal R, Kimble J, Levine E, Stewart BA (eds) Soils and global change. CRC Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, pp 1–7, Chap. 1
Lei D, ShangGuan ZP, Sweeney S (2013) Changes in soil carbon and nitrogen following land abandonment of farmland on the Loess Plateau, China. PLoS ONE 8:e71923. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0071923
Li J (2008) Study on soil carbon stock and its spatial distribution, influence factors in the forest of China. Sichuan Agr Univ (in Chinese with English abstract)
Li KR, Wang SQ, Cao MK (2004) Vegetation and soil carbon storage in China. Sci China Ser D 47:49–57
Li MM, Zhang XC, Pang GW, Han FP (2013) The estimation of soil organic carbon distribution and storage in a small catchment area of the Loess Plateau. Catena 101:11–16. doi:10.1016/j.catena.2012.09.012
Liu SR, Wang H, Luan JW (2011) A review of research progress and future prospective of forest soil carbon stock and soil carbon process in China. Acta Ecol Sin 31:5437–5448, In Chinese with English abstract
Liu Y, Zha TG, Fu RJ (2012) Soil organic carbon storage and vertical distribution of different forest types in Baihua Mountain area. Acta Agr Boreali Occidentalis Sin 21:182–187, In Chinese with English abstract
Lv GH, Wang XY, Zhang YS, Jia QY, Xie YB (2010) Soil carbon, nitrogen of farmland and their relationships with climatic factors. J Agro Environ Sci 29:1612–1617, In Chinese with English abstract
Malhi Y, Baldocchi DD, Jarvis PG (1999) The carbon balance of tropical, temperate and boreal forests. Plant Cell Environ 22:715–740. doi:10.1046/j.1365-3040.1999.00453.x
National Soil Survey Office (1998) Soils of China. Chinese Agricultural Press, Beijing, In Chinese
Nelson DM, Sommer LE (1975) A rapid and accurate method for estimating organic carbon in soil. Proc Indiana Acad Sci 84:456–462
Parkinson JA, Allen SE (1975) A wet oxidation procedure suitable for the determination of nitrogen and mineral nutrients in biological material. Commun Soil Sci Plant 6:1–11. doi:10.1080/00103627509366539
Post WM, Pastor J, Zinke PJ, Stangenberger AG (1985) Global patterns of soil nitrogen storage. Nature 317:613–616. doi:10.1038/317613a0
Post WM, Peng TH, Emanuel WR, King AW, DeAngelis DL (1990) The global carbon cycle. Am Sci 78:310–326
Pregitzer KS, Euskirchen ES (2004) Carbon cycling and storage in world forests: biome patterns related to forest age. Glob Chang Biol 10:2052–2077. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00866.x
Rozhkov VA, Wagner VB, Kogut BM, Konyushkov DE, Nilsson S, Sheremet BV, Shvidenko AZ (1996) Soil carbon estimates and soil carbon map for Russia. IIASA work paper, WR96–60
Schlesinger WH (1977) Carbon balance in terrestrial detritus. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 8:51–81. doi:10.1146/annurev.es.08.110177.000411
Sedjo RA (1993) The carbon cycle and global forest ecosystem. Water Air Soil Pollut 70:295–307. doi:10.1007/BF01105003
Sombroek WG, Nachtergaele FO, Hebel A (1993) Amount, dynamics and sequestering of carbon in tropical and subtropical soils. Ambio 22:417–426
The State Forestry Bureau (2014) The eighth of national continuous forest resources inventory. The State Forestry Bureau, Beijing
Wang DP, Wang WB, Zheng L, Luo XH, Zou BX, Zhang YF, Wu XP (2014) Compared of soil organic carbon of different plantations in China. Ecol Environ Sci 23:698–704 ,In Chinese with English abstract
Wang SQ, Zhou CH, Li KR, Zhu SL, Huang FH (2001) Estimation of soil organic carbon reservoir in China. J Geogr Sci 11:1–11. doi:10.1007/BF02837371
Wang SP, Zhou GS, Lu YC, Zhou JJ (2002) Distribution of soil carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus along Northeast China Transect (NECT) and their relationship with climatic factors. Acta Phytoecol Sin 26:513–517, In Chinese with English abstract
Wang SQ, Huang M, Shao XM, Robert A, Li KR, Ji JJ (2004) Vertical distribution of soil organic carbon in China. Environ Manag 33:200–209. doi:10.1007/s00267-003-9130-5
Winjum JK, Schroeder PE (1997) Forest plantations of the world: their extent, ecological attributes, and carbon storage. Agric For Meteorol 84:153–167. doi:10.1016/S0168-1923(96)02383-0
Wu HB, Guo ZT, Peng CH (2003) Distribution and storage of soil organic carbon in China. Glob Biogeochem Cycles 17:1048–1058. doi:10.1029/2001GB001844
Xie XL (2004) Study on soil organic carbon stocks in national and regional scale using GIS. Nanjing Normal Univ (in Chinese with English abstract)
Xie HT, Li WF, Bai Z, He HB, Zhang XD (2008) Distribution of amino sugars in forest soil profiles of the Changbai Mountain. J Grad Sch Chin Acad Sci 25:657–664
Yang YH, Mohammat A, Zhou R, Feng JM (2007) Storage, patterns and environmental controls of soil organic carbon in China. Biogeochemistry 84:131–141. doi:10.1007/s10533-007-9109-z
Yang YH, Fang JY, Tang YH, Ji CJ, Zhang CY, He JS, Zhu B (2008) Storage, patterns and controls of soil organic carbon in the Tibetan grasslands. Glob Chang Biol 14:1592–1599. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01591.x
Yang YS, Guo JF, Chen GH, Yin YF, Gao R, Lin CF (2009) Effects of forest conversion on soil labile organic carbon fractions and aggregate stability in subtropical China. Plant Soil 323:153–162. doi:10.1007/s11104-009-9921-4
Yang HF, Mu SJ, Sun CM, Li JL, Ju WM (2011) Summary of research on estimation of organic carbon storage in grassland ecosystem. Chin J Grassl 33:107–114, In Chinese with English abstract
Yoo K, Armundson R, Heimsath AM, Dietrich WE (2006) Spatial patterns of soil organic carbon on hill slopes: integrating geomorphic processes and the biological C cycle. Geoderma 130:47–65. doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2005.01.008
Zhang WR (1986) Chinese forest soil. Science press, Beijing, In Chinese
Zhang M, Zhang XK, Liang WJ (2011) Distribution of soil organic carbon fractions along the altitudinal gradient in Changbai Mountain, China. Pedosphere 21:615–620
Zhou YX (2013) The effect of different regeneration forest on deep soil organic carbon in the mid-subtropical zone. Fujian Normal Univ (in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhou YR, Yu ZL, Zhao ST (2000) Carbon storage and budget of major Chinese forest types. Acta Phytoecol Sin 24:518–522, In Chinese with English abstract
Zhou CH, Zhou QM, Wang SQ (2003) Estimating and analyzing the spatial distribution of soil organic carbon in China. Ambio 32:6–12. doi:10.1639/0044-7447(2003)032[0006:EAATSD]2.0.CO;2
Zhou YX, Lv SM, Xie JS, Yang ZJ, Jang J, Yang YS (2013) Sources, characteristics and stability of organic carbon in deep soil. J Subtrop Resour Environ 8:48–55, In Chinese with English abstract
Zhu B, Wang XP, Fang JY, Piao SL, Shen HH, Zhao SQ, Peng CH (2010) Altitudinal changes in carbon storage of temperate forests on Mt Changbai, Northeast China. J Plant Res 123:439–452. doi:10.1007/s10265-009-0301-1