Variables affecting English-medium instruction students’ achievement: Results of a multiple regression analysis

Airey, 2017, The expansion of English-medium instruction in the Nordic countries: Can top-down university language policies encourage bottom-up disciplinary literacy goals?, Higher Education, 73, 561, 10.1007/s10734-015-9950-2 Aizawa, 2019, An analysis of Japan's English as medium of instruction initiatives within higher education: The gap between meso-level and micro-level practice, Higher Education, 77, 1125, 10.1007/s10734-018-0323-5 Aizawa, 2020, Beyond the treshold: Exploring English language proficiency, linguistic challenges, and academic language skills of Japanese students in an English medium instruction programme, Language Teaching Research, 1 Altschul, 2012, Linking socioeconomic status to the academic achievement of Mexican American youth through parent involvement in education, Journal of the Society for Social Work and Research, 3, 13, 10.5243/jsswr.2012.2 Ariffin, 2011, Code-switching and code-mixing of English and Bahasa Malaysia in content-based classrooms: Frequency and attitudes, The Linguistics Journal, 5, 220 Astin, 1984, Student involvement: A developmental theory for higher education, Journal of College Student Personnel, 25, 297 Attewell, 2012, What is academic momentum? And does it matter?”, Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 34, 27, 10.3102/0162373711421958 Baker, 2001 Baso, 2014, Exploring Indonesian graduates’ English language skills and companies’ English language skills requirements in East Kalimantan, Indonesia, Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 19, 44 Bobbitt-Zeher, 2007, The gender income gap and the role of education, Sociology of Education, 80, 1, 10.1177/003804070708000101 Braxton, 1997, Appraising Tinto's theory of college student departure, 107 Brugiavini, 2020, Academic achievements: The effects of excess time to degree on GPA, Education Economics, 28, 46, 10.1080/09645292.2019.1672623 Bruinsma, 2004, Motivation, cognitive processing and achievement in higher education, Learning and Instruction, 14, 549, 10.1016/j.learninstruc.2004.09.001 Bukve, 2020, Students’ perspectives on English medium instruction within higher education: Exploring gender differences in Norway and Finland, Apples Journal of Applied Language Studies, 14, 7, 10.17011/apples/urn.202002272211 Cabrera, 2018, Investigating socioeconomic status proxies: Is one proxy enough? Cedeño, 2016, Implications of socioeconomic status on academic competence: A perspective for teachers, International Education Studies, 9, 257, 10.5539/ies.v9n4p257 Chang, 2010, English-medium instruction for subject courses in tertiary education: Reactions from Taiwanese undergraduate students, Taiwan International ESP Journal, 2, 53 Clifton, 2008, Gender, psychosocial dispositions, and the academic achievement of college students, Research in Higher Education, 49, 684, 10.1007/s11162-008-9104-9 Coleman, 2006, English-medium teaching in European higher education. State-of-the-art article, Language Teaching, 39, 1, 10.1017/S026144480600320X Crystal, 2003 Darolia, 2014, Working (and studying) day and night: Heterogeneous effects of working on the academic performance of full-time and part-time students, Economics of Education Review, 38, 38, 10.1016/j.econedurev.2013.10.004 Dafouz, 2020 Dearden, 2014 Dev, 2016, The relationship between English language proficiency, academic achievement and self-esteem of non-native-English-speaking students, International Education Studies, 9, 147, 10.5539/ies.v9n5p147 Dewi, 2017, English as a medium of instruction in Indonesian higher education: A study of lecturers' perspectives, 241 Dooey, 2002, An investigation into the predictive validity of the IELTS Test as an indicator of future academic success, Prospect, 17, 36 Evans, 2011, The student experience of English-medium higher education in Hong Kong, Language and Education, 25, 147, 10.1080/09500782.2011.553287 Fenton-Smith, 2017 Fletcher, 2010, Race and ethnic differences in college achievement: Does high school attended matter?, The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 627, 144, 10.1177/0002716209348749 Floris, 2014, Learning subject matter through English as the medium of instruction: Students' and teachers' perspectives, Asian English, 16, 1, 10.1080/13488678.2014.884879 Galloway, 2017 Galloway, 2018, Incorporating global Englishes into the ELT classroom, ELT Journal, 72, 3, 10.1093/elt/ccx010 Genesee, 1994 Gobena, 2018, Family socio-economic status effect on students’ academic achievement at College of Education and Behavioral Sciences, Haramaya University, Eastern Ethiopia, Journal of Teacher Education and Educators, 7, 207 Gibb, 2008, Gender differences in educational achievement to age 25, Australian Journal of Education, 52, 63, 10.1177/000494410805200105 Graham, 1987, English language proficiency and the prediction of academic success, TESOL Quarterly, 21, 505, 10.2307/3586500 Haagen-Schützenhöfer, 2001 Hackman, 2009, Socioeconomic status and the developing brain, Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 13, 65, 10.1016/j.tics.2008.11.003 Hamid, 2013, Medium of instruction policies and language practices, ideologies and institutional divides: Voices of teachers and students in a private university in Bangladesh, Current Issues in Language Planning, 14, 144, 10.1080/14664208.2013.771417 Harrop, 2007, Gender matters in higher education, Educational Studies, 33, 385, 10.1080/03055690701423531 Hativa, 1995 Hengsadeekul, 2014, Motivational orientation and preference for English-medium programs in Thailand, International Journal of Educational Research, 66, 35, 10.1016/j.ijer.2014.02.001 Hoxby, 2015, What high-achieving low-income students know about college, American Economic Review, 105, 514, 10.1257/aer.p20151027 Huntington-Klein, 2020, Semester course load and student performance, Research in Higher Education, 1 Hu, 2014, English-medium instruction at a Chinese university: Rhetoric and reality, Language Policy, 13, 21, 10.1007/s10993-013-9298-3 Hu, 2012, English language education in East Asia: Some recent developments, Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 33, 345, 10.1080/01434632.2012.661434 Hyde, 2001, Women, motivation, and achievement, Psychology of Women Quarterly, 25, 364, 10.1111/1471-6402.00035 Ibrahim, 2001, The implementation of EMI (English medium instruction) in Indonesian universities: Its opportunities, its threats, its problems, and its possible solutions, Kata, 3, 21 Ivinson, 2003, Boys do not write romance: The construction of knowledge and social gender identities in English classrooms, Pedagogy Culture and Society, 11, 89, 10.1080/14681360300200162 Joe, 2013, Does English-medium instruction benefit students in EFL contexts? A case study of medical students in Korea, The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 22, 201, 10.1007/s40299-012-0003-7 Kemristekdikti, 2020 Kim, 2017, English medium instruction in Korean higher education: Challenges and future directions, 53 Knagg, 2013, EMI within a global context–Towards a British Council perspective, 23 Krause, 2005 Lasagabaster, 2016, The relationship between motivation, gender, L1 and possible selves in English-medium instruction, International Journal of Multilingualism, 13, 315, 10.1080/14790718.2015.1105806 Lay, 1993, Trait procrastination, time management, and academic behavior, Journal of Social Behavior & Personality, 8, 647 Lin, 2009 Lozano, 2015, Internationalizing higher education: Language matters, TESOL Quarterly, 49, 847, 10.1002/tesq.251 Lueg, 2015, Why do students choose English as a medium of instruction? A Bourdieusian perspective on the study strategies of non-native English speakers, Academy of Management Learning & Education, 14, 5, 10.5465/amle.2013.0009 Macaro, 2018, Turkish university students’ perceptions about English medium instruction: Exploring year group, gender and university type as variables, Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 39, 256, 10.1080/01434632.2017.1367398 Macaro, 2018, A systematic review of English medium instruction in higher education, Language Teaching, 51, 36, 10.1017/S0261444817000350 Matthews, 2009, Early gender differences in selfregulation and academic achievement, Journal of Educational Psychology, 101, 689, 10.1037/a0014240 McMullen, 2014, The value and attributes of an effective preparatory English program: Perceptions of Saudi university students, English Language Teaching, 7, 131 Merritt, 2015, Academic success in college: Socioeconomic status and parental influence as predictors of outcome, Open Journal of Social Sciences, 3, 127, 10.4236/jss.2015.35018 Mirizon, 2019, Integrated content and language instruction: Lecturers' views and classroom instructional practices, Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 44, 42, 10.14221/ajte.2018v44n3.3 Misra, 2000, College students' academic stress and its relation to their anxiety, time management, and leisure satisfaction, American Journal of Health Studies, 16, 41 Morizumi, 2002, Does gender matter in language learning?, International Christian University Educational Studies, 44, 223 Nicholson, 1990, The transition cycle: Causes, outcomes, processes and forms, 83 Noyens, 2020, Assessing students’ perceptions of fit between secondary and higher education: a validation study of the SPFQ, Higher Education Research & Development, 39, 273, 10.1080/07294360.2019.1662377 Oliver, 2012, Evidence of English language proficiency and academic achievement of non-English-speaking background students, Higher Educaion Research & Development, 31, 541, 10.1080/07294360.2011.653958 Osbourne, 2002, Four assumptions of multiple regression that researchers should always test, Practical Assessment, Research and Evaluation, 8 Pascarella, 1991 Pecorari, 2018, At the crossroads of TESOL and English medium instruction, Tesol Quarterly, 52, 497, 10.1002/tesq.470 Peng, 2021, English-medium instruction as a pedagogical strategy for the sustainable development of EFL learners in the Chinese context: A meta-analysis of its effectiveness, Sustainability, 13, 5637, 10.3390/su13105637 Pu, 2020, Peers, study effort, and academic performance in college education: Evidence from randomly assigned roommates in a flipped classroom, Research in Higher Education, 61, 248, 10.1007/s11162-019-09571-x Pun, 2021, Student challenges and learning strategies at Hong Kong EMI universities, PLoS ONE, 16, 10.1371/journal.pone.0251564 Rahman, 2004, English medium instruction innovation in higher education: Evidence from Asian contexts, The Journal of Asia TEFL, 15, 1156 Robson, 2004, Gender, student confidence and communicative styles at university: The views of lecturers in history and psychology, Studies in Higher Education, 29, 7, 10.1080/1234567032000164840 Romaine, 2003, Variation, 409 Rose, 2019, What drives success in English medium taught courses? The interplay between language proficiency, academic skills, and motivation, Studies in Higher Education, 1 Sah, 2018, English medium instruction (EMI) as linguistic capital in Nepal: Promises and realities, International Multilingual Research Journal, 12, 109, 10.1080/19313152.2017.1401448 Simbolon, 2018, EMI in Indonesian higher education: Stakeholders’ perspectives, TEFLIN, 29, 108, 10.15639/teflinjournal.v29i1/108-128 Sirin, 2005, Socioeconomic status and academic achievement: A meta-analytic review of research, Review of Educational Research, 75, 417, 10.3102/00346543075003417 Steinmayr, 2008, Sex differences in school achievement: What are the roles of personality and achievement motivation?, European Journal of Personality, 22, 185, 10.1002/per.676 Thompson, 2021, Investigating self-beliefs and success for English medium instruction learners studying finance, Journal of Education for Business, 1 Tinto, 1985, Dropping out and other forms of withdrawal from college, 28 Tomul, 2013, The effects of socioeconomic characteristics of students on their academic achievement in higher education, American Journal of Educational Research, 1, 449, 10.12691/education-1-10-7 Torenbeek, 2010, The effect of the fit between secondary and university education on first-year student achievement, Studies in Higher Education, 35, 659, 10.1080/03075070903222625 Uçar, 2018, Examining Turkish university students’ sense of achievement, motivation, and anxiety: A comparison of the English- and French-medium education systems, Eurasian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 4, 177, 10.32601/ejal.464096 Voyer, 2014, Gender differences in scholastic achievement: A meta-analysis, Psychological Bulletin, 140, 1174, 10.1037/a0036620 Wach, 2015, Sex differences in secondary school achievement - the contribution of self-perceived abilities and fear of failure, Learning and Instruction, 36, 104, 10.1016/j.learninstruc.2015.01.005 Wanphet, 2018, Effectiveness of the policy of English as a medium of instruction: Perspectives and outcomes from the instructors and students of university science courses at a university in the UAE, Educational Research for Policy and Practice, 17, 145, 10.1007/s10671-017-9223-1 Williams, 2013, Assumptions of multiple regression: Correcting two misconceptions, Practical Assessment, Research and Evaluation, 18 Wu, 2006, Students’ attitude toward EMI: Using Chung Hua University as an example, Journal of Education and Foreign Language and Literature, 4, 67 Yorke, 2008