Uricosuric targets of tranilast

Anzai, 2008, Plasma urate level is directly regulated by a voltage-driven urate efflux transporter URATv1 (SLC2A9) in humans, J Biol Chem, 283, 26834, 10.1074/jbc.C800156200

Ascherio, 2009, Urate as a predictor of the rate of clinical decline in Parkinson disease, Arch Neurol, 66, 1460, 10.1001/archneurol.2009.247

Bahn, 2008, Identification of a new urate and high affinity nicotinate transporter, hOAT10 (SLC22A13), J Biol Chem, 283, 16332, 10.1074/jbc.M800737200

Bibert, 2009, Mouse GLUT9: evidences for a urate uniporter, Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, 297, F612, 10.1152/ajprenal.00139.2009

Borstad, 2004, Colchicine for prophylaxis of acute flares when initiating allopurinol for chronic gouty arthritis, J Rheumatol, 31, 2429

Cheng, 1973, Relationship between the inhibition constant (K1) and the concentration of inhibitor which causes 50 per cent inhibition (I50) of an enzymatic reaction, Biochem Pharmacol, 22, 3099, 10.1016/0006-2952(73)90196-2

Choi, 2005, Pathogenesis of gout, Ann Intern Med, 143, 499, 10.7326/0003-4819-143-7-200510040-00009

Coady, 2004, The human tumour suppressor gene SLC5A8 expresses a Na+-monocarboxylate cotransporter, J Physiol, 557, 719, 10.1113/jphysiol.2004.063859

Dinour, 2010, Homozygous SLC2A9 mutations cause severe renal hypouricemia, J Am Soc Nephrol, 21, 64, 10.1681/ASN.2009040406

Doria, 2011, Diabetes: lowering serum uric acid levels to prevent kidney failure, Nat Rev Nephrol, 7, 495, 10.1038/nrneph.2011.107

Doring, 2008, SLC2A9 influences uric acid concentrations with pronounced sex-specific effects, Nat Genet, 40, 430, 10.1038/ng.107

Enomoto, 2002, Molecular identification of a renal urate anion exchanger that regulates blood urate levels, Nature, 417, 447, 10.1038/nature742

Eraly, 2008, Multiple organic anion transporters contribute to net renal excretion of uric acid, Physiol Genomics, 33, 180, 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00207.2007

Feig, 2008, Effect of allopurinol on blood pressure of adolescents with newly diagnosed essential hypertension: a randomized trial, JAMA, 300, 924, 10.1001/jama.300.8.924

Ficociello, 2010, High-normal serum uric acid increases risk of early progressive renal function loss in type 1 diabetes: results of a 6-year follow-up, Diabetes Care, 33, 1337, 10.2337/dc10-0227

Fleischmann, 2014, Pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic and tolerability evaluation of concomitant administration of lesinurad and febuxostat in gout patients with hyperuricaemia, Rheumatology (Oxford), 53, 2167, 10.1093/rheumatology/ket487

Forman, 2009, Uric acid and insulin sensitivity and risk of incident hypertension, Arch Intern Med, 169, 155, 10.1001/archinternmed.2008.521

Gershon, 1974, Pharmacologic effects of nicotinic acid on human purine metabolism, J Lab Clin Med, 84, 179

Gibson, 1923, A note on the effect of some organic acids upon the uric acid excretion of man, J Biol Chem, 55, 605, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)85628-9

Goldfinger, 1965, Renal Retention of Uric Acid Induced by Infusion of Beta-Hydroxybutyrate and Acetoacetate, N Engl J Med, 272, 351, 10.1056/NEJM196502182720705

Guggino, 1985, Paradoxical effects of pyrazinoate and nicotinate on urate transport in dog renal microvillus membranes, J Clin Invest, 76, 543, 10.1172/JCI112004

Hagos, 2007, Human renal organic anion transporter 4 operates as an asymmetric urate transporter, J Am Soc Nephrol, 18, 430, 10.1681/ASN.2006040415

Hooper, 1998, Uric acid, a natural scavenger of peroxynitrite, in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 95, 675, 10.1073/pnas.95.2.675

Hu, 2013, Activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (ahr) by tranilast, an anti-allergy drug, promotes miR-302 expression and cell reprogramming, J Biol Chem, 288, 22972, 10.1074/jbc.M113.475624

Huls, 2008, The breast cancer resistance protein transporter ABCG2 is expressed in the human kidney proximal tubule apical membrane, Kidney Int, 73, 220, 10.1038/sj.ki.5002645

Iharada, 2010, Type 1 sodium-dependent phosphate transporter (SLC17A1 Protein) is a Cl(-)-dependent urate exporter, J Biol Chem, 285, 26107, 10.1074/jbc.M110.122721

Iwanaga, 2005, Involvement of uric acid transporter in increased renal clearance of the xanthine oxidase inhibitor oxypurinol induced by a uricosuric agent, benzbromarone, Drug Metab Dispos, 33, 1791

Iwanaga, 2007, Concentration-dependent mode of interaction of angiotensin II receptor blockers with uric acid transporter, J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 320, 211, 10.1124/jpet.106.112755

Jutabha, 2014, Inhibitory effect of febuxostat, a non-purine xanthine oxidase inhibitor, on renal urate transporters, J Am Soc Nephrol, 25, 652A

Jutabha, 2003, Identification of a novel voltage-driven organic anion transporter present at apical membrane of renal proximal tubule, J Biol Chem, 278, 27930, 10.1074/jbc.M303210200

Jutabha, 2010, Human sodium phosphate transporter 4 (hNPT4/SLC17A3) as a common renal secretory pathway for drugs and urate, J Biol Chem, 285, 35123, 10.1074/jbc.M110.121301

Liu, 2011, A metabolic profiling analysis of symptomatic gout in human serum and urine using high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector technique, Clin Chim Acta, 412, 2132, 10.1016/j.cca.2011.07.031

Mandal, 2015, The Molecular Physiology of Uric Acid Homeostasis, Annual Rev Physiol, 77, 323, 10.1146/annurev-physiol-021113-170343

Manganel, 1985, Sodium-pyrazinoate cotransport in rabbit renal brush border membrane vesicles, Am J Physiol, 249, F400

Matsuo, 2009, Common defects of ABCG2, a high-capacity urate exporter, cause gout: a function-based genetic analysis in a Japanese population, Sci Transl Med 1, 5ra11

Matsuo, 2012, Identification of ABCG2 dysfunction as a major factor contributing to gout, Nucleosides, Nucleotides Nucleic Acids, 30, 1098, 10.1080/15257770.2011.627902

Mifsud, 2003, Intervention with tranilast attenuates renal pathology and albuminuria in advanced experimental diabetic nephropathy, Nephron Physiol, 95, 83, 10.1159/000074845

Mihara, 2013, TRPV2 ion channels expressed in inhibitory motor neurons of gastric myenteric plexus contribute to gastric adaptive relaxation and gastric emptying in mice, Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, 304, G235, 10.1152/ajpgi.00256.2012

Miyachi, 1987, The effect of tranilast of the generation of reactive oxygen species, J Pharmacobiodyn, 10, 255, 10.1248/bpb1978.10.255

Miyauchi, 2004, Functional identification of SLC5A8, a tumor suppressor down-regulated in colon cancer, as a Na(+)-coupled transporter for short-chain fatty acids, J Biol Chem, 279, 13293, 10.1074/jbc.C400059200

Mount, 1999, Cloning and characterization of KCC3 and KCC4, new members of the cation-chloride cotransporter gene family, J Biol Chem, 274, 16355, 10.1074/jbc.274.23.16355

Munn, 1998, Prevention of allogeneic fetal rejection by tryptophan catabolism, Science, 281, 1191, 10.1126/science.281.5380.1191

Perlstein, 2006, Uric acid and the development of hypertension: the normative aging study, Hypertension, 48, 1031, 10.1161/01.HYP.0000248752.08807.4c

Rizwan, 2007, The chloride dependence of the human organic anion transporter 1 (hOAT1) is blunted by mutation of a single amino acid, J Biol Chem, 282, 13402, 10.1074/jbc.M609849200

Roch-Ramel, 1999, Renal Transport of Urate in Humans, News Physiol Sci, 14, 80

Rogosnitzky, 2012, Therapeutic potential of tranilast, an anti-allergy drug, in proliferative disorders, Anticancer Res, 32, 2471

Rosolowsky, 2008, High-normal serum uric acid is associated with impaired glomerular filtration rate in nonproteinuric patients with type 1 diabetes, Clin J Am Soc Nephrol, 3, 706, 10.2215/CJN.04271007

Sastre, 2013, Opposite effect of mast cell stabilizers ketotifen and tranilast on the vasoconstrictor response to electrical field stimulation in rat mesenteric artery, PLoS ONE, 8, e73232, 10.1371/journal.pone.0073232

Serafini, 2010, Tranilast suppresses inflammation induced by monosodium urate (MSU) crystals in vivo, EULAR: AB0054

Shapiro, 1957, Hyperuricemia due to pyrazinamide, Am J Med, 23, 596, 10.1016/0002-9343(57)90230-9

Spitsin, 2010, Role of uric acid in Alzheimer's disease, J Alzheimers Dis, 19, 1337, 10.3233/JAD-2010-1336

Srinivas, 2005, Cloning and functional identification of slc5a12 as a sodium-coupled low-affinity transporter for monocarboxylates (SMCT2), Biochem J, 392, 655, 10.1042/BJ20050927

Sundy, 2010, Tranilast, a novel potential treatment for the chronic management of hyperuricemia in gout, reduces serum uric acid (SUA) in healthy subjects, EULAR: SAT0369

Tao, 2011, Tranilast prevents the progression of chronic cyclosporine nephrotoxicity through regulation of transforming growth factor beta/Smad pathways, Transplant Proc, 43, 1985, 10.1016/j.transproceed.2011.01.160

Uetake, 2010, Effect of fenofibrate on uric acid metabolism and urate transporter 1, Intern Med, 49, 89, 10.2169/internalmedicine.49.2597

Aubel, 2004, Human organic anion transporter mrp4 (abcc4) is an efflux pump for the purine end metabolite urate with multiple allosteric substrate binding sites, Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, 288, F327, 10.1152/ajprenal.00133.2004

Vitart, 2008, SLC2A9 is a newly identified urate transporter influencing serum urate concentration, urate excretion and gout, Nat Genet, 40, 437, 10.1038/ng.106

Wallace, 2008, Genome-wide association study identifies genes for biomarkers of cardiovascular disease: serum urate and dyslipidemia, Am J Hum Genet, 82, 139, 10.1016/j.ajhg.2007.11.001

Weisskopf, 2007, Plasma urate and risk of Parkinson's disease, Am J Epidemiol, 166, 561, 10.1093/aje/kwm127

Witkowska, 2012, Human SLC2A9a and SLC2A9b isoforms mediate electrogenic transport of urate with different characteristics in the presence of hexoses, Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, 303, F527, 10.1152/ajprenal.00134.2012

Woodward, 2009, Identification of a urate transporter, ABCG2, with a common functional polymorphism causing gout, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 106, 10338, 10.1073/pnas.0901249106