Urbanization and Its Effect On Runoff in the Whiteoak Bayou Watershed, Texas1

Journal of the American Water Resources Association - Tập 43 Số 1 - Trang 170-182 - 2007
Francisco Olivera1, Buren B. DeFee2
1Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A&M University, 3136 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843-3136
2Assistant Professor, School of Forest Resources, University of Arkansas at Monticello, Monticello, Arkansas 71656

Tóm tắt

Abstract:  The capacity of a watershed to urbanize without changing its hydrologic response and the relationship between that response and the spatial configuration of the developed areas was studied. The study was conducted in the Whiteoak Bayou watershed (223 km2), located northwest of Houston, Texas, over an analysis period from 1949 to 2000. Annual development data were derived from parcel data collected by the Harris County Appraisal District. Using these data, measures of the spatial configuration of the watershed urban areas were calculated for each year. Based on regression models, it was determined that the annual runoff depths and annual peak flows depended on the annual precipitation depth, the developed area and the maximum 12‐h precipitation depth on the day and day before the peak flow took place. It was found that, since the early 1970s, when the watershed reached a 10% impervious area, annual runoff depths and peak flows have increased by 146% and 159%, respectively. However, urbanization is responsible for only 77% and 32% of the increase, respectively, while precipitation changes are responsible for the remaining 39% and 96%, respectively. Likewise, an analysis of the development data showed that, starting in the early 1970s, urbanization in the watershed consisted more of connecting already developed areas than of creating new ones, which increases the watershed’s conveyance capacity and explains the change in its response. Before generalizing conclusions, though, further research on other urban watersheds with different urbanization models appears to be necessary.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

10.1016/0169-2046(95)02039-V

10.1016/S0169-2046(01)00246-8

10.1002/hyp.5679

10.1029/2002WR001846

10.1007/s002670010122

10.1002/hyp.326

10.1111/j.1752-1688.1988.tb03001.x

10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.01.022

City of Houston, 2002, Parking Spaces for Certain Types of Occupancies, City of Houston Code of Ordinances, 1862

CWP, 2003, Impacts of Impervious Cover on Aquatic Systems

Dale V.H., 1999, Ecological Principles and Guidelines for Managing the Use of Land. Ecological Applications, 639

EPA 2002.8 Tools of Watershed Protection in Developing Areas.http://www.epa.gov/watertrain/protection/index.html accessedOctober 5 2005.

ESRI 2005.ArcData – Download Census 2000 TIGER/Line Data.Environmental Systems Research Institute http://arcdata.esri.com/data/tiger2000/tiger_download.cfm accessedOctober 10 2005.

10.1016/0169-2046(95)02035-R

Forest Landscape Ecology Lab 2005.APACK: An Analysis Package for Rapid Calculation of Landscape Metrics on Large Scale Data Sets.University of Wisconsinat Madison http://landscape.forest.wisc.edu/Projects/apack/ accessedSeptember 10 2005.

10.1017/9781107050327

Grafe V. 1999.Paradise Lost? The Coastal Prairie of Louisiana and Texas.U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service and U.S. Geological Survey http://training.fws.gov/library/Pubs/paradise_lost.pdf accessedOctober 10 2005.

10.1016/S0169-2046(00)00112-2

Haan C.T., 2002, Statistical Methods in Hydrology

10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.01.002

Jacob J.S. D.W.Moulton andR.A.Lopez 2002.Texas Coastal Wetlands.http://www.texaswetlands.org/prairie.htm accessedOctober 10 2005.

10.1023/A:1021211114125

10.1111/j.1475-3995.2000.tb00185.x

10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(199802)12:2<351::AID-HYP569>3.0.CO;2-O

10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2002)7:3(245)

Landphair H.C., 1998, Landscape Architecture Construction

Landscape Ecology Program 2005.FRAGSTATS Spatial Pattern Analysis Program for Categorical Maps.University of MassachusettsAmherst Massachusetts http://www.umass.edu/landeco/research/fragstats/fragstats.html accessedSeptember 16 2005.

10.1016/S0169-2046(02)00005-1

10.1016/S0169-2046(97)00061-3

10.1016/0169-2046(94)02017-A

10.1016/S0168-1176(97)00311-9

10.1016/S0378-1127(01)00653-3

McGarigal K.andB.J.Marks 1995.FRAGSTATS: Spatial Pattern Analysis Program for Quantifying Landscape Structure.U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service General Technical Report PNW‐351.

10.1111/j.1752-1688.2002.tb01548.x

Nash J.E., 1970, River Flow Forecasting through Conceptual Models – Part 1‐A: Discussion of Principles, Journal of Hydrology, 10, 282, 10.1016/0022-1694(70)90255-6

NCDC 2006a.Climate Data Inventories.National Climate Data Center http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/climateinventories.html accessedSeptember 10 2005.

NCDC 2006b.Hourly Precipitation Data.http://www7.ncdc.noaa.gov/IPS/HPDPubs?action=getstate accessedFebruary 20 2006.

10.1016/S0022-1694(02)00142-7

NRCS 2005.Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) Database.Natural Resources Conservation Service http://www.ncgc.nrcs.usda.gov/products/datasets/ssurgo/ accessedSeptember 10 2005.

10.1006/jema.2001.0523

Pitt R.E. 1987.Small Storm Urban Flow and Particulate Washoff Contributions to Outfall Discharges Ph.D. Dissertation Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Wisconsin Madison Wisconsin.

10.1016/S0098-3004(01)00030-9

Riitters K.H., 1995, A Factor Analysis of Landscape Pattern and Structure Metric, Landscape Ecology, 10, 22, 10.1007/BF00158551

Scheuler T, 1994, The Importance of Imperviousness, Watershed Protection Techniques, 1, 100

SCS, 1986, Urban Hydrology for Small Watersheds

10.1016/S0304-3800(01)00455-0

10.1016/S0169-2046(97)00093-5

10.1016/j.jenvman.2005.01.006

TNRIS 2005.TNRIS’ Data Distribution System.Texas Natural Resources Information System http://www.tnris.state.tx.us/digital.htm accessedOctober 10 2005.

TPWD 2005.Regions of Texas.Texas Parks and Wildlife Department http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/learning/about_texas/index.phtml accessedSeptember 10 2005.

USGS 2005a.National Elevation Dataset (NED). U.S. Geological Survey http://ned.usgs.gov/ accessedSeptember 10 2005.

USGS 2005b.Daily Streamflow for the Nation.U.S. Geological Survey http://nwis.waterdata.usgs.gov/usa/nwis/sw accessedOctober 10 2005.

Thông tin
Thông tin xuất bản

Journal of the American Water Resources Association

Tập 43 Số 1

170-182

Thông tin tác giả