Update on tuberculosis biomarkers: From correlates of risk, to correlates of active disease and of cure from disease

Respirology - Tập 23 Số 5 - Trang 455-466 - 2018
Delia Goletti1, Meng‐Rui Lee2, Jann‐Yuan Wang3, Nicholas D. Walter4, Tom H. M. Ottenhoff5
1Translational Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research National Institute for Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani" Rome Italy
2Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
3Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
4Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA
5Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

Tóm tắt

ABSTRACTTuberculosis (TB) remains a devastating disease, yet despite its enormous toll on global health, tools to control TB are insufficient and often outdated. TB Biomarkers (TB‐BM) would constitute extremely useful tools to measure infection status and predict outcome of infection, vaccination or therapy. There are several types of TB‐BM: Correlate of Infection; Correlate of TB Disease; Correlate of Increased Risk of Developing Active TB Disease; Correlate of the Curative Response to Therapy; and Correlate of Protection (CoP). Most TB‐BM currently studied are host‐derived BM, and consist of transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic, cellular markers or marker combinations (‘signatures’). In particular, vaccine‐inducible CoP are expected to be transformative in developing new TB vaccines as they will de‐risk vaccine research and development (R&D) as well as human testing at an early stage. In addition, CoP could also help minimizing the need for preclinical studies in experimental animals.Of key importance is that TB‐BM are tested and validated in different well‐characterized human TB cohorts, preferably with complementary profiles and geographically diverse populations: genetic and environmental factors such as (viral) coinfections, exposure to non‐tuberculous mycobacteria, nutritional status, metabolic status, age (infants vs children vs adolescents vs adults) and other factors impact host immune set points and host responses across different populations.In this study, we review the most recent advances in research into TB‐BM for the diagnosis of active TB, risk of TB development and treatment‐induced TB cure.

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Respirology

Tập 23 Số 5

455-466

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