Untersuchungen über die Beeinflussung der planktischen Photosynthese durch anorganische Metallsalze im eutrophen Alpnachersee und der mesotrophen Horwer Bucht
Tóm tắt
The effects on phytoplankton photosynthesis of inorganic metal salts HgCl2, CuSO4, Cd(NO3)2, ZnCl2 and Pb(NO3)2 were studied over monthly intervals. In experiments with individual metals, phytoplankton photosynthesis was not adversely affected if the concentration increase above background levels did not exceed 10−9 mole Hg/l, 5·10−9 mole Cu/l, 2·10−8 mole Cd/l, 5·10−8 mole Zn/l and 2·10−7 mole Pb/l, respectively. However when the concentration was increased by 5·10−10 mole Hg/l+5·10−9 mole Cu/l+5·10−9 mole Cd/l+5·10−8 mole Zn/l+5·10−8 mole Pb/l photosynthesis was significantly reduced, due to a synergetic effect of the combined metals. The influence of phytoplankton density, pH-value concentration of calcium, dissolved organic nitrogen and allochthonous debris on heavy metal toxicity was investigated. Changes in phytoplankton composition are believed to the main reason for the seasonal variation in the toxic effects of heavy metals.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Baccini, P.,Untersuchungen über den Schwermetallhaushalt in Seen, Schweiz. Z. Hydrol.38, 121–158 (1976).
Bails, J.D.,Mercury in Fish on the Great Lakes, in:Environmental Mercury Contamination (Eds R. Hartung und R.D. Dinman: Science Publishers Inc., Ann Arbor 1972), S.31–37.
Barber, R.T., undRyther, J.H.,Organic Chelators: Factors Affecting Primary Production in the Cromwell Current Uppwelling. J. exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol.3, 191–199 (1969).
Biesinger, K. E., undChristensen, G.M.,Effects of various Metals on Survival, Growth, Reproduction and Metabolism of Daphnia magna, J. Fish. Res. Bd., Canada29,1991–1700 (1972).
Bowen, H.J.M.,Trace Elements in Biochemistry, (Academic Press, London, New York, 1966), 235 S.
Bringmann, G., undKühn, R.,Vergleichende abwassertoxikologische Untersuchungen an Bakterien, Algen und Kleinlebewesen, Gesundheitsingenieur80, 115–120 (1959).
Bundi, Th.,Untersuchungen über die Aufnahme verschiedener Kupferspezies durch Algen, Diss. ETH, in Vorbereitung (1976).
Doudoroff, P., undKatz, M.,Critical Review of Literature on the Toxicity of Industrial Wastes and Their Components to Fish. II The Metal as Salts, Sew. ind. Wast.25, 802–839 (1953).
Erickson, S.J., Lackie, N., undMaloney, T.E.,A Screeming Technique for Estimating Copper Toxicity to Estuarine Phytoplankton, J. WPCF42, R270-R278 (1970).
Erickson, S.J., Maloney, T.E., undGentile, J.H.,Effect of NTA on the Growth and Metabolism of Estuarine Phytoplankton, J. WPCF,42, R329-R335 (1970).
Förstner, U., undMüller, G.,Schwermetalle in Flüssen und Seen als Ausdruck der Umweltverschmutzung (Springer Verlag, Berlin 1974).
Gächter, R.,Phosphorhaushalt und planktische Primärproduktion im Vierwaldstätttersee (Horwer Bucht) Schweiz. Z. Hydrol.30, 1–66 (1968).
Gibson, C.E.,The Algicidal Effect of Copper on a Green and a Blue-Green Algae and Some Ecological Implications, J. appl. Ecol.9, 513–518 (1972).
Greig, R.A., undSeagran, H.L.,Survey of Mercury Concentrations in Fishes of Lakes St. Clair, Erie and Huron, in:Environmental Mercury Contamination, (Eds R. Hartung und B.D. Dinman; Sience Publishers Inc., Ann Arbor 1972), S. 38–45.
Horne, A.J., undGoldman, Ch.R.,Suppression of Nitrogen Fixation by Blue-Green Algae in a Eutrophic Lake with Trace Additions of Copper, Science183, 409–411 (1974).
Hutchinson, T.C.,Comparative Studies of the Toxicity of Heavy Metals to Phytoplankton and Their Synergistic Interactions, Wat. Pollut. Res., Canada8, 68–90 (1973).
Hutchinson, T.C., undCzyrska, H.,Heavy Metal Toxicity and Synergism to Floating Aquatic Weeds, Verh. int. Ver. Limnol.19, 2102–2111 (1975).
Hynes, H.B.N.,The Biology of Polluted Waters (Liverpool University Press 1960).
Kobayashi, J.,Relation between the “Itai-Itai” Disease and the Pollution of River Water by Cadmium from a Mine, Advances in Water Pollution Research, Proc. 5th Intern. Conf., San Francisco and Haway 1970, Vol. 1, 125, 1–7 (1971).
Krummenacher, T.,Die Nährstoffbilanz des Alpnachersees, Diss. ETH (1976).
Manahan, S.E., undSmith, M.J.,Copper Micronutrient Requirement for Algae, Envir. Sci. Technol.7, 829–833 (1973).
Mandelli, E.F.,The Inhibitory Effects of Copper on Marine Phyto-Plankton, Marine Sci.14, 47–57 (1969).
Pagenkopf, G.H., Russo, R.C., undThurston, R.V.,Effect of Complexation on the Toxicity of Copper to Fishes, J. Fish. Res. Bd., Canada31, 462–465 (1974).
Riley, J.P., undRoth, I.,The Distribution of Trace Elements in Some Species of Phytoplankton, J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K.51, 63–72 (1971).
Soeder, D.J., Schulze, G., undThiele, D.,Einfluss verschiedener Kulturbedingungen auf das Wachstum in Synchronkulturen von Chlorella fusca, Str. Kr. Arch. Hydrobiol. Suppl.33, 127–171 (1967).
Sunda, W.,The Relationship between Cupric Ion Activity and the Toxicity of Copper to Phytoplankton, Diss. (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1975).
Stadelmann, P.,Stickstoffkreislauf und Primärproduktion im mesotrophen Vierwaldstättersee (Horwer Bucht) und im eutrophen Rotsee, mit besonderer Berücksichtigung des Nitrats als limitierendem Faktor, Schweiz. Z. Hydrol.33, 1–65 (1971).
Steemann Nielsen, E., undWium-Andersen, S.,Copper Ions as Poison in the Sea and Freshwater, Marine Biol.6, 93–97 (1970).
Steemann Nielsen, E., Kamp-Nielsen, L., undWium-Andersen, S.,The Effect of Deleterious Concentrations of Copper on the Photosynthesis of Chlorella pyrenoidosa, Physiol. Plant.22, 1121 bis 1133 (1969).
Steemann Nielsen, E., undKamp-Nielsen, L.,Influence of Deleterious Concentrations of Copper on the Growth of Chlorella pyrenoidosa, Physiol. Plant.23, 828–840 (1970).
Steemann Nielsen, E., undWium-Andersen, S.,The Influenca of Cu on Photosynthesis and Growth in Diatoms, Physiol. Plant.24, 480–484 (1971).
Stokes, P.M., Hutchinson, T.C., undKrauter, K.,Heavy Metal Tolerance in Algae Isolated from Polluted Lakes Near the Sudbury, Ontario smelters, Wat. Pollut., Canada8, 178–201 (1973).
Takeuchi, T.,Distribution of Mercury in the Environment of Minamata Bay and the Inland Ariaka Sea, in:Environmental Mercury Contamination (Eds R. Hartung und B. D. Dinman; Science Publishers Inc., Ann Arbor 1972), S.79–81.
Eidg. Departement des Innern: Verordnung über Abwassereinleitungen vom 8. Dezember 1975.
Winner, R.W., van Dike, J., Caris, N., undFarrel, M.P.,Response of Macroinvertebrate Fauna to a Copper Gradient in a Experimentally-Polluted Stream, Verh. Int. Ver. Limnol.19, 2121–2127 (1975).
Wuhrmann, K., undEichenberger, E.,Experiments on the Effects of Inorganic Enrichment of Rivers on Periphyton Primary Production. Verh. int. Ver. Limnol.19, 2028–2034 (1975).
Wuhrmann, K., undZobrist, F.,Untersuchung über die bakterizide Wirkung von Silber im Wasser, Schweit. Z. Hydrol.20, 218–254 (1958).