United States Child Care Policy and Systems of Care: The Emerging Role of Quality Rating and Improvement Systems

Cynthia K. Buettner1, David W. Andrews2
1Department of Human Development and Family Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
2Department of Human Development and Family Science, The Ohio State University, 135 Campbell Hall, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA

Tóm tắt

Abstract The developmental and educational importance of high quality early care and education is well documented. The value of access to high quality care combined with the increasing demand for care has made access to high quality child care a central focus of U.S. public policy. State level licensure and national accreditation are the most prevalent strategies for promoting and assuring higher levels of care. More recently, Quality Rating and Improvement Systems (QRIS) have emerged as mechanisms for motivating child care professionals to provide higher quality care. QRIS systems are in their infancy, but are gaining popularity in several states. The future of these ratings systems will be determined by their predictive validity in improving observed levels of care, and ultimately in improved child outcomes. Strategically planned and rigorously designed research is needed to validate the use of these potentially effective rating systems.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

American Education Research Association, American Psychological Association, & National Council on Measurement in Education. (1999). Standards for educational and psychological testing. Washington, DC: American Educational Research Association.

Clarke-Stewart, K. A., Vandell, D. L., Burchinal, M., O’Brien, M., & McCartney, K. (2002). Do regulable features of child-care homes affect children’s development? Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 17(1), 52–86.

Heckman, J. J., & Masterov, D. V. (2007, April). The productivity argument for investing in young children (NBER working paper No. W13016). Retrieved July 6, 2009, from http://www.nber.org/papers/w13016

Kagan, S. L. (2008, June). Buckets, banks, and hearts: Aligning early childhood standards and systems. Paper presented at the Quality Rating and Improvement Systems: Creating the Next Generation of QRISs conference, St. Paul, MN.

National Association of Child Care Resource and Referral Agencies. (2007, June). Threshold of licensed family child care. Retrieved July 28, 2008, from http://www.naccrra.org/randd/licensing_training_qr/fcc_threshold.php

National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Early Child Care Research Network. (2000). The relation of child care to cognitive and language development. Child Development, 71(4), 960–980.

National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Early Child Care Research Network. (2003). Does quality of child care affect child outcomes at age 4½? Developmental Psychology, 39(3), 451–469.

Shonkoff, J., & Phillips, D. (2000). From neurons to neighborhoods, Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

Vinovskis, M. (1999). Do federal compensatory education programs really work? A brief historical analysis of Title I and Head Start. American Journal of Education, 107(3), 187–209.

Zellman, G. L., & Perlman, M. (2008). Child-care quality rating and improvement systems in five pioneer states: Implementation issues and lessons learned. Retrieved July 6, 2009, http://fromwww.rand.org

Zellman, G. L., Perlman, M., Le, V. N., & Setodji, C. M. (2008). Assessing the validity of the Qualistar early learning quality rating and improvement system as a tool for improving child-care quality. Retrieved July 6, 2009, from http://www.rand.org