Understanding students’ motivation in translation learning: a case study from the self-concept perspective
Tóm tắt
To meet the increasing needs for translators and interpreters, Master of Translation and Interpreting (MTI) program was launched in Chinese universities. Discussion on how to cultivate MTI students who are supposed to be excellent users of foreign language except their mother tongue attracts many Chinese researchers, while little is done from the perspective of students, the main stakeholders of the program. Therefore, this case study, informed by self-concept theories, tracked one MTI student in a Chinese key university, to investigate factors influencing students’ learning motivation and their response towards the influence. Using the student’s diaries reflecting on daily translation training and the semi-structured interviews, the study found significant others, self-perceived ability, curriculum, and coursework played significant roles in the ebbs and flows of translation learning motivation. The findings also reveal the dynamic interaction among students’ self-representations (including the ideal self, the ought self, the actual self, and the feared self) in the dynamic context. This paper not only provides a new understanding to the translation education by incorporating students’ voice into professional training, but also offers advice for MTI program management.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Carver, C. S., Lawrence, J. W., & Scheier, M. F. (1999). Self-discrepancies and affect: Incorporating the role of feared selves. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25(7), 783–792.
Chai, M. (2010). Thoughts on the construction of professional translation education: Current situation, problems and solutions. Chinese Translators Journal, (1), 54–56.
Charmaz, K. (2006). Constructing grounded theory: A practical guide through qualitative analysis. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
China Academic Degrees & Graduate Education Development Centre, Ministry of Education. (2007). Notification of the China Academic Degrees & Graduate Education Development Centre, Ministry of Education, on issuing the guidance for building Mater of Translation and Interpreter. Retrieved on October 10, 2018 from http://www.moe.gov.cn/srcsite/A22/moe_833 /200703/t20070330_82704.html.
China National Committee for Translation and Interpreting Education. (2011). Guidance for the education of Master of Translation and Interpreting. Retrieved on October 10, 2018 from http://cnti.gdufs.edu.cn/info/1006/1094.htm.
Cui, Q., Wang, S., & Wu, P. (2017). Survey on the MTI education and employment. Beijing: University of International Business and Economics Press.
Davitti, E., & Pasquandrea, S. (2014). Enhancing research-led interpreter education: An exploratory study in applied conversation analysis. The Interpreter and Translator Trainer, 8(3), 374–398.
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New York: Plenum.
Dörnyei, Z. (2001). Motivational strategies in the language classroom. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Dörnyei, Z. (2005). The psychology of the language learner: Individual differences in second language acquisition. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Dörnyei, Z. (2009). The L2 motivational self system. In Z. Dörnyei & E. Ushioda (Eds.), Motivation, language identity and the L2 self (pp. 9–42). Bristol, England: Multilingual Matters.
Dörnyei, Z., & Ottó, I. (1998). Motivation in action: A process model of l2 motivation. Working Papers in Applied Linguistics, 4, 43–69.
Dörnyei, Z., & Ryan, S. (2015). The psychology of the language learner revisited. New York & Oxon: Routledge.
Eccles, J. (1983). Expectancies, values and academic behaviors. In J. T. Spence (Ed.), Achievement and achievement motives: Psychological and sociological approaches (pp. 75–146). San Francisco, CA: Freeman.
Ge, L., Luo, X., & Dong, L. (2011). Nord’s model for measuring translator’s competence and China’s MTI training programs. Chinese Translators Journal, (4), 31–36.
Hamman, D., Gosselin, K., Romano, J., & Bunuan, R. (2010). Using possible-selves theory to understand the identity development of new teachers. Teaching and Teacher Education, 26(7), 1349–1361.
He, R. (2011). A reflection on curriculum design of MTI (translator section) - compared with curriculum design of MA in translation in foreign and Taiwan’s universities. Journal of Beijing International Studies University, 33(12), 37–41.
He, X. (2009). EMT and its implications for translation teaching in China. Shanghai Translation, (1), 45–48.
Higgins, E. T. (1987). Self-discrepancy: A theory relating self and affect. Psychological Review, 94(3), 319–340.
Hock, M., Deshler, D., & Schumaker, J. (2006). Enhancing student motivation through the pursuit of possible selves. In C. Dunkel & J. Kerpelman (Eds.), Possible selves: Theory, research and applications (pp. 205–221). New York: Nova Publishers.
Jääskeläinen, R., Kujamäki, P., & Mäkisalo, J. (2011). Towards professionalism - or against it? Dealing with the changing world in translation research and translator education. Across Languages and Cultures, 12(2), 143–156.
Kong, L., & Wang, H. (2011). Cool reflections in the heat wave of MTI. Foreign Language World, (3), 9–15.
Larsen-Freeman, D. (2001). Individual cognitive/affective learner contributions and differential success in second language acquisition. In M. P. Breen (Ed.), Learner contributions to language learning (pp. 12–24). Harlow, UK: Pearson.
Lee, I., Yu, S., & Liu, Y. (2018). Hong Kong secondary students’ motivation in EFL writing: A survey study. TESOL Quarterly, 52(1), 176–187.
Lewis, M., & Sullivan, M. W. (2007). The development of self-conscious emotions. In A. Elliot & C. Dweck (Eds.), Handbook of competence and motivation (pp. 185–201). New York: The Guilford Press.
Li, X. (2018). Self-assessment as ‘assessment as learning’ in translator and interpreter education: Validity and washback. Interpreter and Translator Trainer, 12(1), 48–67.
Liu, Y., Zhu, S., & Guo, H. (2017). “3+3+1”: A pilot MTI teaching model from China University of petroleum. Shanghai Journal of Translators, 1, 52–57.
Ma, H. (2017). On the development of translation education and translation study in China: A case study of BFSU. Journal of Foreign Languages, 40(3), 104–106.
Markus, H. (2006). Forward. In C. Dunkel & J. Kerpelman (Eds.), Possible selves: Theory, research and applications (pp. xi–xiv). New York: Nova Publishers.
Markus, H., & Nurius, P. (1986). Possible selves. American Psychologist, 41(9), 954–969.
Markus, H., & Wurf, E. (1987). The dynamic self-concept: A social psychological perspective. Annual Review of Psychology, 38(1), 299–337.
Marsh, H. W., & Hattie, J. (1996). Theoretical perspectives on the structure of self-concept. In B. A. Bracken (Ed.), Handbook of self-concept: Developmental, social, and clinical considerations (pp. 38–90). New York: Wiley.
Marsh, H. W., Hau, K. T., Artelt, C., Baumert, J., & Peschar, J. L. (2006). OECD's brief self-report measure of educational psychology's most useful affective constructs: Cross-cultural, psychometric comparisons across 25 countries. International Journal of Testing, 6(4), 311–360.
Marsh, H. W., Xu, K., & Martin, A. J. (2012). Self-concept: A synergy of theory, method, and application. In K. Harris, S. Graham, & T. Urdan (Eds.), APA educational psychology handbook. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
McCroskey, J. C., Richmond, V. P., & Bennett, V. E. (2006). The relationships of student end-of-class motivation with teacher communication behaviors and instructional outcomes. Communication Education, 55(4), 403–414.
Mu, L., & Wang, W. (2011). MA and MTI in translation education: Divergent goals, differentiated curricula. Chinese Translators Journal, 95(2), 29–32.
Oyserman, D., Bybee, D., & Terry, K. (2006). Possible selves and academic outcomes: How and when possible selves impel action. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91(1), 188–204.
Pajares, F., & Schunk, D. H. (2002). Self and self-belief in psychology and education: A historical perspective. In J. Aronson (Ed.), Improving academic achievement: Impact of psychological factors on education (pp. 3–21). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Patrick, V. M., MacInnis, D. J., & Folkes, V. S. (2002). Approaching what we hope for and avoiding what we fear: The role of possible selves in consumer behavior. Advances in Consumer Research, 29(1), 270–276.
Peng, Q. (2017). On systematic reforming of MTI quality standards and assessments. Foreign Languages in China, 14(3), 74–81.
Ping, H. (2016). Reflection of the MTI education. Chinese Translators Journal, (5), 49–53.
Pym, A., Malmkjær, K., & Gutiérrez-Colón, M. (2013). Translation and language learning: The role of translation in the teaching of languages in the European Union. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.
Ruvolo, A. P., & Markus, H. R. (1992). Possible selves and performance: The power of self-relevant imagery. Social Cognition, 10(1), 95–124.
Schunk, D. H. (1990). Goal setting and self-efficacy during self-regulated learning. Educational Psychologist, 25(1), 71–86.
Sheldon, K. M., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2006). How to increase and sustain positive emotion: The effects of expressing gratitude and visualizing best possible selves. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 1(2), 73–82.
Sommer, K. L., & Baumeister, R. F. (2002). Self-evaluation, persistence, and performance following implicit rejection: The role of trait self-esteem. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 28(7), 926–938.
Taguchi, T., Magid, M., & Papi, M. (2009). The L2 motivational self system amongst Chinese, Japanese, and Iranian learners of English: A comparative study. In Z. Dörnyei & E. Ushioda (Eds.), Motivation, language identity and the L2 self (pp. 66–97). Bristol, England: Multilingual Matters.
Tao, Y. (2016). Translator training and education in China: Past, present and prospects. Interpreter & Translator Trainer, 10(2), 1–20.
Ueki, M., & Takeuchi, O. (2012). Validating the L2 motivational self system in a Japanese EFL context: The interplay of L2 motivation, L2 anxiety, self-efficacy, and the perceived amount of information. Language Education & Technology, 49, 1–22.
Valentine, J. C., Dubois, D. L., & Cooper, H. (2004). The relation between self-beliefs and academic achievement: A meta-analytic review. Educational Psychologist, 39(2), 111–133.
Wang, J., & Peng, Y. (2012). Problems and their possible solutions in MTI education. Foreign Language World, 4, 44–51.
Wang, Z. (2011). Applied translation in the United States: Investigation and implications. Foreign Language World, 4, 52–60.
Washbourne, K. (2014). The self-directed learner: Intentionality in translator training and education. Perspectives, 22(3), 373–387.
Weiner, B. (1974). Achievement motivation and attribution theory. Morristown, N.J: General learning press.
Wen, J., & Mu, L. (2009). A study on the courses offering of MTI. Foreign Language Education, 30(4), 92–95.
Wentzel, R., & Wigfield, A. (2009). Introduction. In R. Wentzel & A. Wigfield (Eds.), Handbook of motivation at school (pp. 1–8). New York & Oxen: Routledge.
Xu, B., & Cao, J. (2017). Book translation and MTI education - a translation teaching model derived by authentic book translation projects. Journal of Foreign Languages, 40(5), 102–105.
Xu, J. (2017). To direct more studies into MTI education. Chinese Translators Journal , 3, 10–12.
Yang, C. (2012). A market approach to MTI education. Chinese Translators Journal, 24–28.
Yashima, T. (2015). Willingness to communicate in a second language: The Japanese EFL context. Modern Language Journal, 86(1), 54–66.
Yazan, B. (2015). Three approaches to case study methods in education: Yin, Merriam, and stake. The Qualitative Report, 20(2), 134–152.
Yin, H., & Wang, W. (2015). Undergraduate students’ motivation and engagement in China: An exploratory study. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 41(4), 601–621.
Yin, R. K. (2002). Case study research: Design and methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage publications.
Young, J. F., & Mroczek, D. K. (2003). Predicting intraindividual self-concept trajectories during adolescence. Journal of Adolescence, 26(5), 586–600.
Yuan, R., Sun, P., & Teng, L. (2016). Understanding language teachers’ motivations towards research. TESOL Quarterly, 50(1), 220–234.
Yusuf, M. (2011). The impact of self-efficacy, achievement motivation, and self-regulated learning strategies on students’ academic achievement. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 15, 2623–2626.
Zhang, R., & Chen, D. (2012). An investigation into the structural changes of translation teachers in China’s universities and colleges from 1999 to 2020. Foreign Languages Research, 2, 67–71.
Zhao, J., & Xu, Y. (2017). Overview of the 2017 MTI annual conference. Chinese Translators Journal, (3), 15–17.
Zhong, W. (2017). MTI education in the past decade and its future direction. Chinese Translators Journal, 3, 7–9.
Zhong, Y. (2017). Global Chinese translation programmes: An overview of Chinese English translation/interpreting programmes. In C. Shei & Z. Gao (Eds.), The Routledge handbook of Chinese translation (pp. 19–36). New York & Oxen: Routledge.
Zhou, M., Ma, W. J., & Deci, E. L. (2009). The importance of autonomy for rural Chinese children's motivation for learning. Learning & Individual Differences, 19(4), 492–498.