Các oxidase monoamine loại A và B điều chỉnh khác biệt quá trình truyền tín hiệu và biểu hiện gen để điều hòa chức năng não và sự sống còn của tế bào thần kinh

Journal of Neural Transmission - Tập 125 - Trang 1635-1650 - 2017
Makoto Naoi1, Wakako Maruyama1, Masayo Shamoto-Nagai1
1Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Psychological and Physical Science, Aichi Gakuin University, Nisshin, Japan

Tóm tắt

Các oxidase monoamine loại A và B (MAO-A, -B) đóng vai trò trung gian và điều chỉnh các con đường tín hiệu trong tế bào để duy trì sự sống hoặc cái chết của các tế bào thần kinh. MAO-A có liên quan đến sự phát triển của kiến trúc tế bào thần kinh, hoạt động synapse và khởi phát các rối loạn tâm thần, bao gồm trầm cảm và hành vi bốc đồng hung hãn chống xã hội. MAO-B tạo ra hydro peroxide và đóng vai trò quan trọng trong sự mất mát tế bào thần kinh của các rối loạn thoái hóa thần kinh, chẳng hạn như bệnh Parkinson và bệnh Alzheimer. Bài đánh giá này trình bày vai trò mới của MAO-A và B, các chất nền và chất ức chế của chúng, cũng như hydro peroxide trong chức năng não và sự sống còn và cái chết của tế bào thần kinh. Hoạt tính của MAO-A không chỉ được điều chỉnh bởi yếu tố di truyền, mà còn bởi các yếu tố môi trường, bao gồm căng thẳng, sự mất cân bằng hormone và các yếu tố từ thực phẩm. Hoạt tính của MAO-A dao động do các yếu tố di truyền - môi trường, điều chỉnh phản ứng của tế bào thần kinh đối với các kích thích và ảnh hưởng đến hành vi và hoạt động cảm xúc. Các chất ức chế MAO-B như selegiline và rasagiline bảo vệ tế bào thần kinh thông qua việc tăng biểu hiện của các yếu tố chống apoptosis Bcl-2 và các yếu tố thần kinh sống còn trong các dòng tế bào neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y và glioblastoma U118MG ở người. Việc knockdown MAO-A làm ức chế biểu hiện gen bị kích thích bởi rasagiline trong các tế bào SH-SY5Y, trong khi việc làm giảm MAO-B lại tăng cường biểu hiện gen cơ bản và biểu hiện gen bị kích thích bởi selegiline trong các tế bào U118MG. MAO-A và B cho thấy chức năng như là một tác nhân trung gian hoặc ức chế, tương ứng, trong việc điều chỉnh biểu hiện gen. Nghiên cứu thêm về cơ chế tế bào cơ bản của việc điều chỉnh các con đường tín hiệu bởi MAO-A và B có thể mang đến cho chúng ta cái nhìn mới về vai trò của các oxidase monoamine trong quyết định số phận của tế bào thần kinh và sự phát triển của các chiến lược trị liệu mới có thể được mong đợi cho các rối loạn tâm thần thần kinh.

Từ khóa

#oxidase monoamine #MAO-A #MAO-B #tế bào thần kinh #điều hòa #rối loạn tâm thần #hydro peroxide

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