Tumor Angiogenesis and Anti-Angiogenic Strategies for Cancer Treatment
Tóm tắt
Angiogenesis is the process through which novel blood vessels are formed from pre-existing ones and it is involved in both physiological and pathological processes of the body. Furthermore, tumor angiogenesis is a crucial factor associated with tumor growth, progression, and metastasis. In this manner, there has been a great interest in the development of anti-angiogenesis strategies that could inhibit tumor vascularization. Conventional approaches comprise the administration of anti-angiogenic drugs that target and block the activity of proangiogenic factors. However, as their efficacy is still a matter of debate, novel strategies have been focusing on combining anti-angiogenic agents with chemotherapy or immunotherapy. Moreover, nanotechnology has also been investigated for the potential of nanomaterials to target and release anti-angiogenic drugs at specific sites. The aim of this paper is to review the mechanisms involved in angiogenesis and tumor vascularization and provide an overview of the recent trends in anti-angiogenic strategies for cancer therapy.
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Hoffman, R., Benz, E.J., Silberstein, L.E., Heslop, H.E., Weitz, J.I., Anastasi, J., Salama, M.E., and Abutalib, S.A. (2018). Chapter 123—The blood vessel wall. Hematology, Elsevier. [7th ed.].
Padsalgikar, A.D. (2017). Cardiovascular system: Structure, assessment, and diseases. Plastics in Medical Devices for Cardiovascular Applications, William Andrew Publishing.
Wallig, M.A., Haschek, W.M., Rousseaux, C.G., and Bolon, B. (2018). Chapter 9—Cardiovascular system. Fundamentals of Toxicologic Pathology, Academic Press. [3rd ed.].
Haggerty, 2019, Capillary dynamics, interstitial fluid and the lymphatic system, Anaesth. Intensive Care Med., 20, 182, 10.1016/j.mpaic.2019.01.009
Maynard, R.L., and Downes, N. (2019). Chapter 8—Histology of the vascular system. Anatomy and Histology of the Laboratory Rat in Toxicology and Biomedical Research, Academic Press.
Aronow, W.S., and McClung, J.A. (2016). Chapter 6—Vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Translational Research in Coronary Artery Disease, Academic Press.
Rizov, 2017, Molecular regulation and role of angiogenesis in reproduction, Taiwan. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 56, 127, 10.1016/j.tjog.2016.06.019
Ratajska, 2017, Vasculogenesis and its cellular therapeutic applications, Cells Tissues Organs, 203, 141, 10.1159/000448551
Polin, R.A., Abman, S.H., Rowitch, D.H., Benitz, W.E., and Fox, W.W. (2017). Chapter 8—Angiogenesis. Fetal and Neonatal Physiology, Elsevier. [5th ed.].
Rouwkema, 2016, Vascularization and angiogenesis in tissue engineering: Beyond creating static networks, Trends Biotechnol., 34, 733, 10.1016/j.tibtech.2016.03.002
Augustine, 2019, Therapeutic angiogenesis: From conventional approaches to recent nanotechnology-based interventions, Mater. Sci. Eng. C, 97, 994, 10.1016/j.msec.2019.01.006
Guerra, 2018, Modelling skin wound healing angiogenesis: A review, J. Theor. Biol., 459, 1, 10.1016/j.jtbi.2018.09.020
Zimta, A.-A., Baru, O., Badea, M., Buduru, S.D., and Berindan-Neagoe, I. (2019). The role of angiogenesis and pro-angiogenic exosomes in regenerative dentistry. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.
Gottlieb, R.A., and Mehta, P.K. (2017). Chapter 1—Current trends in cancer therapy. Cardio-Oncology, Academic Press.
Grumezescu, A.M. (2018). Chapter 13—Ligand-directed tumor targeting with hybrid viral phage nanoparticles. Drug Targeting and Stimuli Sensitive Drug Delivery Systems, William Andrew Publishing.
Aydogan, V. (2016). Understanding Endothelial Cell Behaviors during Sprouting Angiogenesis. [Ph.D. Thesis, University of Basel].
Mirabelli, P. (2019). Inhibitors of Corneal Inflammation and Angiogenesis: Prospectives and Challenges, Linköping University Electronic Press.
Duran, 2017, Molecular regulation of sprouting angiogenesis, Compr. Physiol., 8, 153, 10.1002/cphy.c160048
Rust, 2019, Pro- and antiangiogenic therapies: Current status and clinical implications, FASEB J., 33, 34, 10.1096/fj.201800640RR
Repsold, 2017, An overview of the role of platelets in angiogenesis, apoptosis and autophagy in chronic myeloid leukaemia, Cancer Cell Int., 17, 89, 10.1186/s12935-017-0460-4
Wojtukiewicz, 2017, Platelets and cancer angiogenesis nexus, Cancer Metastasis Rev., 36, 249, 10.1007/s10555-017-9673-1
Kareva, I. (2018). Chapter 4—Blood vessel formation and pathological angiogenesis as mitigated by competing angiogenesis regulators. Understanding Cancer from a Systems Biology Point of View, Academic Press.
Patzelt, 2012, Platelets in angiogenesis, Curr. Vasc. Pharmacol., 10, 570, 10.2174/157016112801784648
Khalil, 2017, Chapter eight—Vascular cells in blood vessel wall development and disease, Advances in Pharmacology, Volume 78, 323, 10.1016/bs.apha.2016.08.001
Mousa, S.A., and Davis, P.J. (2017). Chapter 1—Angiogenesis and anti-angiogenesis strategies in cancer. Anti-Angiogenesis Strategies in Cancer Therapeutics, Academic Press.
Kesharwani, P., and Gupta, U. (2018). Chapter 2—Angiogenesis in brain tumors. Nanotechnology-Based Targeted Drug Delivery Systems for Brain Tumors, Academic Press.
Simionescu, D., and Simionescu, A. (2017). Angiogenesis and cardiovascular diseases: The emerging role of hdacs, physiologic and pathologic angiogenesis. Signaling Mechanisms and Targeted Therapy, IntechOpen.
Newton, H.B. (2018). Chapter 26—Angiogenesis and angiogenesis inhibitors in brain tumors. Handbook of Brain Tumor Chemotherapy, Molecular Therapeutics, and Immunotherapy, Academic Press. [2nd ed.].
Shoeibi, 2018, Important signals regulating coronary artery angiogenesis, Microvasc. Res., 117, 1, 10.1016/j.mvr.2017.12.002
Yang, 2018, Effects of vascular endothelial growth factors and their receptors on megakaryocytes and platelets and related diseases, Br. J. Haematol., 180, 321, 10.1111/bjh.15000
Logue, 2016, Therapeutic angiogenesis by vascular endothelial growth factor supplementation for treatment of renal disease, Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens., 25, 404, 10.1097/MNH.0000000000000256
Dehghani, 2018, Aptamer-based biosensors and nanosensors for the detection of vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf): A review, Biosens. Bioelectron., 110, 23, 10.1016/j.bios.2018.03.037
Lally, 2016, Vascular endothelial growth factor and diabetic macular edema, Surv. Ophthalmol., 61, 759, 10.1016/j.survophthal.2016.03.010
Barratt, S.L., Flower, V.A., Pauling, J.D., and Millar, A.B. (2018). Vegf (vascular endothelial growth factor) and fibrotic lung disease. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 19.
Rauniyar, 2018, Biology of vascular endothelial growth factor c in the morphogenesis of lymphatic vessels, Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol., 6, 7, 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00007
Wise, 2012, The vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf)-e encoded by orf virus regulates keratinocyte proliferation and migration and promotes epidermal regeneration, Cell. Microbiol., 14, 1376, 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2012.01802.x
Melincovici, 2018, Vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf)—Key factor in normal and pathological angiogenesis, Rom. J. Morphol. Embryol., 59, 455
Failla, C.M., Carbo, M., and Morea, V. (2018). Positive and negative regulation of angiogenesis by soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 19.
Laakkonen, 2019, Beyond endothelial cells: Vascular endothelial growth factors in heart, vascular anomalies and placenta, Vasc. Pharmacol., 112, 91, 10.1016/j.vph.2018.10.005
Higashi, Y., and Murohara, T. (2017). Fibroblast growth factor in extremities. Therapeutic Angiogenesis, Springer Singapore.
Inampudi, 2018, Angiogenesis in peripheral arterial disease, Curr. Opin. Pharmacol., 39, 60, 10.1016/j.coph.2018.02.011
Henning, 2016, Therapeutic angiogenesis: Angiogenic growth factors for ischemic heart disease, Future Cardiol., 12, 585, 10.2217/fca-2016-0006
Balacescu, 2017, The role of pdgfs and pdgfrs in colorectal cancer, Med. Inflamm., 2017, 9
Bauersachs, J., Butler, J., and Sandner, P. (2017). Platelet-derived growth factor in heart failure. Heart Failure, Springer International Publishing.
Lee, 2018, Platelet-derived growth factor-c and -d in the cardiovascular system and diseases, Mol. Asp. Med., 62, 12, 10.1016/j.mam.2017.09.005
Thiagarajan, 2017, Angiogenic growth factors in myocardial infarction: A critical appraisal, Heart Fail. Rev., 22, 665, 10.1007/s10741-017-9630-7
Isidori, 2016, Angiopoietin-1 and angiopoietin-2 in metabolic disorders: Therapeutic strategies to restore the highs and lows of angiogenesis in diabetes, J. Endocrinol. Investig., 39, 1235, 10.1007/s40618-016-0502-0
Gnudi, 2016, Angiopoietins and diabetic nephropathy, Diabetologia, 59, 1616, 10.1007/s00125-016-3995-3
Hoffman, R., Benz, E.J., Silberstein, L.E., Heslop, H.E., Weitz, J.I., Anastasi, J., Salama, M.E., and Abutalib, S.A. (2018). Chapter 15—Vascular growth in health and disease. Hematology, Elsevier. [7th ed.].
Parikh, 2017, The angiopoietin-tie2 signaling axis in systemic inflammation, J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., 28, 1973, 10.1681/ASN.2017010069
Higashi, Y., and Murohara, T. (2017). Hgf gene therapy for therapeutic angiogenesis in peripheral artery disease. Therapeutic Angiogenesis, Springer Singapore.
Libetta, 2016, Hepatocyte growth factor (hgf) and hemodialysis: Physiopathology and clinical implications, Clin. Exp. Nephrol., 20, 371, 10.1007/s10157-015-1211-2
Newton, H.B. (2018). Chapter 24—Scatter factor/hgf and c-met in glioblastoma. Handbook of Brain Tumor Chemotherapy, Molecular Therapeutics, and Immunotherapy, Academic Press. [2nd ed.].
Kato, 2017, Biological roles of hepatocyte growth factor-met signaling from genetically modified animals, Biomed. Rep., 7, 495
Ladeira, 2018, Angiogenic factors: Role in esophageal cancer, a brief review, Esophagus, 15, 53, 10.1007/s10388-017-0597-1
Suzuki, 2016, Current therapies and investigational drugs for peripheral arterial disease, Hypertens. Res., 39, 183, 10.1038/hr.2015.134
Semenza, 2016, Targeting hypoxia-inducible factor 1 to stimulate tissue vascularization, J. Investig. Med., 64, 361, 10.1097/JIM.0000000000000206
Hashimoto, 2015, Hypoxia-inducible factor as an angiogenic master switch, Front. Pediatr., 3, 33, 10.3389/fped.2015.00033
Zimna, 2015, Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 in physiological and pathophysiological angiogenesis: Applications and therapies, BioMed Res. Int., 2015, 13, 10.1155/2015/549412
Li, 2018, Tumor angiogenesis and anti-angiogenic gene therapy for cancer, Oncol. Lett., 16, 687
Kanno, Y. (2019). The role of fibrinolytic regulators in vascular dysfunction of systemic sclerosis. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.
Tanabe, K., Sato, Y., and Wada, J. (2018). Endogenous antiangiogenic factors in chronic kidney disease: Potential biomarkers of progression. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 19.
Poluzzi, 2016, Endostatin and endorepellin: A common route of action for similar angiostatic cancer avengers, Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 97, 156, 10.1016/j.addr.2015.10.012
Tuma, R.F., Durán, W.N., and Ley, K. (2008). Chapter 9—The microcirculation in inflammation. Microcirculation, Academic Press. [2nd ed.].
Kowalska, 2010, Role of the platelet chemokine platelet factor 4 (pf4) in hemostasis and thrombosis, Thromb. Res., 125, 292, 10.1016/j.thromres.2009.11.023
Bouchard, 2015, Chapter ten—Molecular mechanisms for exercise training-induced changes in vascular structure and function: Skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and the brain, Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science, Volume 135, 227, 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2015.07.017
Michelson, A.D. (2013). Chapter 24—The role of platelets in angiogenesis. Platelets, Academic Press. [3rd ed.].
Lord, 2017, Platelet factor 4 binds to vascular proteoglycans and controls both growth factor activities and platelet activation, J. Biol. Chem., 292, 4054, 10.1074/jbc.M116.760660
Lanza, R., Langer, R., and Vacanti, J. (2014). Chapter 15—Regulation of cell behavior by extracellular proteins. Principles of Tissue Engineering, Academic Press. [4th ed.].
Lawler, 2012, Molecular basis for the regulation of angiogenesis by thrombospondin-1 and -2, Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med., 2, a006627, 10.1101/cshperspect.a006627
Ren, 2006, Regulation of tumor angiogenesis by thrombospondin-1, Biochim. Biophys. Acta (BBA) Rev. Cancer, 1765, 178, 10.1016/j.bbcan.2005.11.002
Biziato, 2017, Microenvironmental regulation of tumour angiogenesis, Nat. Rev. Cancer, 17, 457, 10.1038/nrc.2017.51
Kabiraj, 2018, Immunohistochemical evaluation of tumor angiogenesis and the role of mast cells in oral squamous cell carcinoma, J. Cancer Res. Ther., 14, 495, 10.4103/0973-1482.163693
Napione, L., Alvaro, M., and Bussolino, F. (2017). Vegf-mediated signal transduction in tumor angiogenesis. Physiol. Pathol. Angiogenes. Signal. Mech. Target. Ther., 227.
Bagley, 2016, Commentary on folkman: “Tumor angiogenesis factor”, Cancer Res., 76, 1673, 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-16-0675
Gorry, 2018, Delayed recognition of judah folkman’s hypothesis on tumor angiogenesis: When a prince awakens a sleeping beauty by self-citation, Scientometrics, 116, 385, 10.1007/s11192-018-2752-4
Sirover, M.A. (2017). Chapter 11—Gapdh and tumorigenesis: Molecular mechanisms of cancer development and survival. Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (gapdh), Academic Press.
2018, Tumor angiogenesis: A key target for cancer therapy, Oncol. Res. Treat., 41, 164, 10.1159/000488340
Najafi, 2019, Tumor microenvironment: Interactions and therapy, J. Cell. Physiol., 234, 5700, 10.1002/jcp.27425
Ricciuti, 2019, Enzymes involved in tumor-driven angiogenesis: A valuable target for anticancer therapy, Semin. Cancer Biol., 56, 87, 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.11.005
Kiberstis, 2017, Tumor angiogenesis gets nervous, Science, 358, 316
Li, X. (2018). Chapter 8—Bioengineering of fgfs and new drug developments. Fibroblast Growth Factors, Academic Press.
Feng, 2017, Cross-talk mechanism between endothelial cells and hepatocellular carcinoma cells via growth factors and integrin pathway promotes tumor angiogenesis and cell migration, Oncotarget, 8, 69577, 10.18632/oncotarget.18632
Loizzi, V., Del Vecchio, V., Gargano, G., De Liso, M., Kardashi, A., Naglieri, E., Resta, L., Cicinelli, E., and Cormio, G. (2017). Biological pathways involved in tumor angiogenesis and bevacizumab based anti-angiogenic therapy with special references to ovarian cancer. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 18.
Boffetta, P., and Hainaut, P. (2019). Metastatic signatures—The tell-tale signs of metastasis. Encyclopedia of Cancer, Academic Press. [3rd ed.].
Fujita, K., and Akita, M. (2017). Tumor angiogenesis: A focus on the role of cancer stem cells. Physiol. Pathol. Angiogenes. Signal. Mech. Target. Ther., 215.
Mendelsohn, J., Gray, J.W., Howley, P.M., Israel, M.A., and Thompson, C.B. (2015). Chapter 17—Tumor angiogenesis. The Molecular Basis of Cancer, Content Repository Only!. [4th ed.].
Stockmann, 2014, The impact of the immune system on tumor: Angiogenesis and vascular remodeling, Front. Oncol., 4, 69, 10.3389/fonc.2014.00069
Fukumura, 2018, Enhancing cancer immunotherapy using antiangiogenics: Opportunities and challenges, Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol., 15, 325, 10.1038/nrclinonc.2018.29
Dammacco, F., and Silvestris, F. (2019). Chapter 42—Immunological and genetic biomarkers of sarcomas: Implication for future treatment strategies. Oncogenomics, Academic Press.
Dongqing, 2019, The effect and mechanism of vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf) on tumor angiogenesis in gallbladder carcinoma, Iran. J. Public Health, 48, 713
Pizzo, S.V. (2018). Chapter 2—The endoplasmic reticulum chaperone grp78 also functions as a cell surface signaling receptor. Cell Surface grp78, a New Paradigm in Signal Transduction Biology, Academic Press.
Ray, S.K. (2019). Chapter 5—targeting angiogenesis in neuroblastoma. Neuroblastoma, Academic Press.
Abdalla, 2018, Current challenges of cancer anti-angiogenic therapy and the promise of nanotherapeutics, Theranostics, 8, 533, 10.7150/thno.21674
He, Z., Mitteer, R.A., Mou, Y., and Fan, Y. (2016). Chapter 5—Multimodality targeting of glioma cells. Glioblastoma, Elsevier.
Li, 2018, Monitoring of tumor vascular normalization: The key points from basic research to clinical application, Cancer Manag. Res., 10, 4163, 10.2147/CMAR.S174712
Wu, 2018, Targeting vegf pathway to normalize the vasculature: An emerging insight in cancer therapy, Onco Targ. Ther., 11, 6901, 10.2147/OTT.S172042
Newton, H.B. (2016). Chapter 54—Neuroimaging issues in assessing response to brain tumor therapy. Handbook of Neuro-Oncology Neuroimaging, Academic Press. [2nd ed.].
Shokat, 2014, Chapter two—A structural atlas of kinases inhibited by clinically approved drugs, Methods in Enzymology, Volume 548, 23, 10.1016/B978-0-12-397918-6.00002-1
Gilbert, S.J., and Weiner, D.E. (2014). Chapter 37—Kidney disease caused by therapeutic agents. National Kidney Foundation Primer on Kidney Diseases, W.B. Saunders. [6th ed.].
Makowski, 2019, Chapter one—Anti-angiogenic isoform of vascular endothelial growth factor-a in cardiovascular and renal disease, Advances in Clinical Chemistry, Volume 88, 1, 10.1016/bs.acc.2018.10.001
Mousa, S.A., and Davis, P.J. (2017). Chapter 9—Tetraiodothyroacetic acid at integrin αvβ3: A model of pharmaceutical anti-angiogenesis. Anti-Angiogenesis Strategies in Cancer Therapeutics, Academic Press.
Xie, J., Wang, X., and Proud, C.G. (2016). Mtor inhibitors in cancer therapy. F1000Reseacch, 5, F1000 Faculty Rev-2078.
Sampson, J.H. (2017). Chapter 11—Checkpoint blockade immunotherapy for glioblastoma: Progress and challenges. Translational Immunotherapy of Brain Tumors, Academic Press.
Alidzanovic, 2016, The vegf rise in blood of bevacizumab patients is not based on tumor escape but a host-blockade of vegf clearance, Oncotarget, 7, 57197, 10.18632/oncotarget.11084
Mahfouz, N., Tahtouh, R., Alaaeddine, N., El Hajj, J., Sarkis, R., Hachem, R., Raad, I., and Hilal, G. (2017). Gastrointestinal cancer cells treatment with bevacizumab activates a vegf autoregulatory mechanism involving telomerase catalytic subunit htert via pi3k-akt, hif-1α and vegf receptors. PLoS ONE, 12.
Berger, 2016, Chapter 15—Vascular complications in glioma patients, Handbook of Clinical Neurology, Volume 134, 251, 10.1016/B978-0-12-802997-8.00015-3
Reddy, V.P. (2015). Chapter 9—Organofluorine compounds as anticancer agents. Organofluorine Compounds in Biology and Medicine, Elsevier.
Broaddus, V.C., Mason, R.J., Ernst, J.D., King, T.E., Lazarus, S.C., Murray, J.F., Nadel, J.A., Slutsky, A.S., and Gotway, M.B. (2016). Chapter 71—Drug-induced pulmonary disease. Murray and Nadel’s Textbook of Respiratory Medicine, W.B. Saunders. [6th ed.].
Dammacco, F., and Silvestris, F. (2019). Chapter 39—Tkis in renal cell carcinoma: What can we expect in the future?. Oncogenomics, Academic Press.
Annese, T., Tamma, R., Ruggieri, S., and Ribatti, D. (2019). Angiogenesis in pancreatic cancer: Pre-clinical and clinical studies. Cancers, 11.
Atta ur, R., and Choudhary, M.I. (2014). Chapter 6—Discovery and development of antiangiogenetic drugs in ovarian cancer. Anti-Angiogenesis Drug Discovery and Development, Elsevier.
DiSaia, P.J., Creasman, W.T., Mannel, R.S., McMeekin, D.S., and Mutch, D.G. (2018). 18—Targeted therapy and molecular genetics. Clinical Gynecologic Oncology, Elsevier. [9th ed.].
Gottlieb, R.A., and Mehta, P.K. (2017). Chapter 5—Cardiotoxic effects of anti-vegfr tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Cardio-Oncology, Academic Press.
Li, 2019, Antitumor effects of endostar(rh-endostatin) combined with gemcitabine in different administration sequences to treat lewis lung carcinoma, Cancer Manag. Res., 11, 3469, 10.2147/CMAR.S192868
Chen, 2017, Endostar in combination with postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy prolongs the disease free survival of stage iiia nsclc patients with high vegf expression, Oncotarget, 8, 79703, 10.18632/oncotarget.19114
Mousa, S.A., and Davis, P.J. (2017). Chapter 10—Anti-angiogenesis therapy and its combination with chemotherapy: Impact on primary tumor and its metastasis. Anti-Angiogenesis Strategies in Cancer Therapeutics, Academic Press.
Masdeu, 2016, Chapter 14—Intra-axial brain tumors, Handbook of Clinical Neurology, Volume 135, 253, 10.1016/B978-0-444-53485-9.00014-3
Rich, R.R., Fleisher, T.A., Shearer, W.T., Schroeder, H.W., Frew, A.J., and Weyand, C.M. (2019). Chapter 77—Immunotherapy of cancer. Clinical Immunology, Content Repository Only!. [5th ed.].
Huijbers, 2015, The great escape; the hallmarks of resistance to antiangiogenic therapy, Pharmacol. Rev., 67, 441, 10.1124/pr.114.010215
Zarrin, 2017, Acquired tumor resistance to antiangiogenic therapy: Mechanisms at a glance, J. Res. Med. Sci., 22, 117, 10.4103/jrms.JRMS_182_17
Loges, 2010, Mechanisms of resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy and development of third-generation anti-angiogenic drug candidates, Genes Cancer, 1, 12, 10.1177/1947601909356574
Azzam, 2017, Synthesis of novel potent anti-cancer agent derived from heterocyclization of cyclohexanone, Biointerface Res. Appl. Chem., 7, 2217
Sak, 2012, Chemotherapy and dietary phytochemical agents, Chemother. Res. Pract., 2012, 282570
Letellier, 2017, A chemotherapy combined with an anti-angiogenic drug applied to a cancer model including angiogenesis, Chaos Solitons Fractals, 99, 297, 10.1016/j.chaos.2017.04.013
Yonucu, S., Yιlmaz, D., Phipps, C., Unlu, M.B., and Kohandel, M. (2017). Quantifying the effects of antiangiogenic and chemotherapy drug combinations on drug delivery and treatment efficacy. PLoS Comput. Biol., 13.
Robert, 2011, Ribbon-1: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase iii trial of chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab for first-line treatment of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative, locally recurrent or metastatic breast cancer, J. Clin. Oncol., 29, 1252, 10.1200/JCO.2010.28.0982
Gray, 2009, Independent review of e2100: A phase iii trial of bevacizumab plus paclitaxel versus paclitaxel in women with metastatic breast cancer, J. Clin. Oncol., 27, 4966, 10.1200/JCO.2008.21.6630
Miles, 2010, Phase iii study of bevacizumab plus docetaxel compared with placebo plus docetaxel for the first-line treatment of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative metastatic breast cancer, J. Clin. Oncol., 28, 3239, 10.1200/JCO.2008.21.6457
Wieser, 2019, Resistance to chemotherapy and anti-angiogenic therapy in ovarian cancer, Mag. Eur. Med. Oncol., 12, 144
Aghajanian, 2015, Final overall survival and safety analysis of oceans, a phase 3 trial of chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab in patients with platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer, Gynecol. Oncol., 139, 10, 10.1016/j.ygyno.2015.08.004
Hilpert, 2014, Bevacizumab combined with chemotherapy for platinum-resistant recurrent ovarian cancer: The aurelia open-label randomized phase iii trial, J. Clin. Oncol., 32, 1302, 10.1200/JCO.2013.51.4489
Wang, 2019, Efficacy and toxicities of gemcitabine and cisplatin combined with endostar in advanced thymoma and thymic carcinoma, Thorac. Cancer, 10, 17, 10.1111/1759-7714.12891
Qin, R.-S., Zhang, Z.-H., Zhu, N.-P., Chen, F., Guo, Q., Hu, H.-W., Fu, S.-Z., Liu, S.-S., Chen, Y., and Fan, J. (2018). Enhanced antitumor and anti-angiogenic effects of metronomic vinorelbine combined with endostar on lewis lung carcinoma. BMC Cancer, 18.
Lan, 2018, Apatinib combined with oral etoposide in patients with platinum-resistant or platinum-refractory ovarian cancer (aeroc): A phase 2, single-arm, prospective study, Lancet Oncol., 19, 1239, 10.1016/S1470-2045(18)30349-8
Ren, Z., Liao, Z., and Yang, J. (2019). Chemotherapy combined with antiangiogenesis drugs in stage iv sarcoma patients: Efficacy data from the largest cohort study from china. J. Clin. Oncol.
Khan, 2018, Improving immunotherapy outcomes with anti-angiogenic treatments and vice versa, Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol., 15, 310, 10.1038/nrclinonc.2018.9
Manegold, 2017, The potential of combined immunotherapy and antiangiogenesis for the synergistic treatment of advanced nsclc, J. Thorac. Oncol., 12, 194, 10.1016/j.jtho.2016.10.003
Zirlik, 2018, Anti-angiogenics: Current situation and future perspectives, Oncol. Res. Treat., 41, 166, 10.1159/000488087
Yi, 2019, Synergistic effect of immune checkpoint blockade and anti-angiogenesis in cancer treatment, Mol. Cancer, 18, 60, 10.1186/s12943-019-0974-6
Allen, 2017, Combined antiangiogenic and anti–pd-l1 therapy stimulates tumor immunity through hev formation, Sci. Trans. Med., 9, eaak9679, 10.1126/scitranslmed.aak9679
Tian, 2017, Mutual regulation of tumour vessel normalization and immunostimulatory reprogramming, Nature, 544, 250, 10.1038/nature21724
Zhao, 2017, OA11.07 combining anti-angiogenesis and immunotherapy enhances antitumor effect by promoting immune response in lung cancer, J. Thorac. Oncol., 12, S288, 10.1016/j.jtho.2016.11.293
Mukherjee, 2018, Recent progress toward antiangiogenesis application of nanomedicine in cancer therapy, Future Sci., 4, FSO318, 10.4155/fsoa-2018-0051
Ayodele, 2017, Ultrasound nanobubbles and their applications as theranostic agents in cancer therapy: A review, Biointerface Res. Appl. Chem., 7, 2253
Husain, 2017, Nanosupport bound lipases their stability and applications, Biointerface Res. Appl. Chem., 7, 2194
Mikhailovich, 2018, Multidimensional system of equations with xy-y differentiation of probability densities p0-p1 for identification of gold nanoparticles, Biointerface Res. Appl. Chem., 8, 3652
Bharali, D.J., Rajabi, M., and Mousa, S.A. (2017). Application of nanotechnology to target tumor angiogenesis in cancer therapeutics. Anti-Angiogenesis Strategies in Cancer Therapeutics, Academic Press.
Hameed, 2018, Nanotherapeutic approaches targeting angiogenesis and immune dysfunction in tumor microenvironment, Sci. China Life Sci., 61, 380, 10.1007/s11427-017-9256-1
Mohammadabadi, 2018, Application of quantum chemical calculations in modeling of the supramolecular nanomedicine constructed from host-guest complexes of cucurbit 7 uril with gemcitabine anticancer drug, Biointerface Res. Appl. Chem., 8, 3282
Mukherjee, 2016, Therapeutic application of anti-angiogenic nanomaterials in cancers, Nanoscale, 8, 12444, 10.1039/C5NR07887C
Bhattarai, 2018, Recent advances in anti-angiogenic nanomedicines for cancer therapy, Nanoscale, 10, 5393, 10.1039/C7NR09612G
Saeed, 2019, Antiangiogenic properties of nanoparticles: A systematic review, Int. J. Nanomed., 14, 5135, 10.2147/IJN.S199974
Sitohy, 2012, Anti-vegf/vegfr therapy for cancer: Reassessing the target, Cancer Res., 72, 1909, 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-11-3406