Nội dung được dịch bởi AI, chỉ mang tính chất tham khảo
Trazodone: Tổng quan về tính chất dược lý và ứng dụng điều trị trong trầm cảm và lo âu
Tóm tắt
Trazodone là một dẫn xuất của triazolopyridine có tác dụng chống trầm cảm, không có liên quan hóa học đến các thuốc chống trầm cảm hiện có khác. Tính chất dược lý của nó khác biệt so với hầu hết các thuốc chống trầm cảm khác. Trazodone thể hiện hoạt động chống serotonin trong các nghiên cứu trên động vật, nhưng cơ chế tác dụng của nó trong bệnh trầm cảm ở người vẫn chưa rõ ràng. Trazodone có hiệu quả điều trị tổng thể tương đương với imipramine và amitriptyline trong bệnh trầm cảm nhưng, ở liều lượng đạt được cải thiện lâm sàng tổng thể tương tự, trazodone gây ra ít tác dụng phụ kháng cholinergic hơn so với các thuốc chống trầm cảm ba vòng. Trazodone cũng có hoạt động chống lo âu đồng thời ở bệnh nhân trầm cảm và trong các nghiên cứu hạn chế, thuốc đã cho thấy tương đương với diazepam và chlordiazepoxide trong rối loạn lo âu. Trazodone còn được báo cáo có giá trị trong trường hợp run và nghiện rượu mãn tính. Các nghiên cứu trên động vật, nghiên cứu hạn chế ở người và tỉ lệ thấp các tác dụng phụ tim mạch trong các thử nghiệm điều trị kiểm soát cho thấy trazodone ít có khả năng gây độc cho tim hơn imipramine ở liều điều trị, nhưng các tác động của quá liều hiện nay vẫn chưa được biết đến. Trazodone cho thấy khả năng dung nạp tốt ở người cao tuổi, hiếm khi làm trầm trọng thêm các triệu chứng tâm thần và không gây ra tác dụng phụ về thần kinh. Trazodone là một dẫn xuất triazolopyridine khác biệt về mặt hóa học so với các thuốc chống trầm cảm hiện có. Mặc dù trazodone có một số nét tương đồng với benzodiazepine, phenothiazine và thuốc chống trầm cảm ba vòng, nhưng hồ sơ dược lý của nó khác biệt với từng loại thuốc này. Ý tưởng cơ bản cho sự phát triển của trazodone xuất phát từ giả thuyết rằng trầm cảm có liên quan đến sự mất cân bằng trong cơ chế chịu trách nhiệm cho sự tích hợp cảm xúc của các trải nghiệm khó chịu. Do đó, các mô hình động vật mới về trầm cảm dựa trên phản ứng với các kích thích khó chịu hoặc khó chịu, thay vì các bài thử nghiệm hiện có liên quan đến lý thuyết aminergic về trầm cảm, đã được sử dụng trong việc nghiên cứu thuốc.
Từ khóa
#Trazodone #thuốc chống trầm cảm #lo âu #độc tính tim mạch #tác dụng phụTài liệu tham khảo
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