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Biểu hiện chuyển gen của enzyme delta-6 và delta-15 fatty acid desaturases làm tăng tích lũy omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids trong Synechocystis sp. PCC6803
Tóm tắt
Axit béo không bão hòa đa (PUFAs), chứa hai hoặc nhiều liên kết đôi trong cấu trúc của chúng, đang là trọng tâm của nghiên cứu toàn cầu do giá trị dinh dưỡng, ứng dụng y tế và khả năng sử dụng làm nhiên liệu sinh học. Tuy nhiên, khả năng sản xuất các hợp chất kinh tế quan trọng này còn hạn chế, vì việc tách các axit béo omega-3 không bão hòa đa (ω-3 PUFAs) từ dầu tự nhiên là tốn kém và khó khăn về kỹ thuật. Mặc dù các con đường sinh tổng hợp của một số axit béo ω-3 PUFAs từ thực vật và vi tảo đã được giải mã, nhưng hiểu biết hiện tại về mối tương quan giữa nồng độ fatty acid desaturase và quá trình tổng hợp axit béo trong Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 còn chưa đầy đủ. Chúng tôi đã xây dựng một loạt vector đồng nhất cho việc biểu hiện nội sinh và ngoại lai của các enzym Δ6 và Δ15 fatty acid desaturases dưới sự kiểm soát của promoter psbA2 trong Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 chuyển gen. Chúng tôi đã tạo ra sáu dòng tái tổ hợp đồng nhất, mang các gen fatty acid desaturase khác nhau từ Synechocystis sp. PCC6803, Gibberella fujikuroi và Mortierella alpina. Các dòng này sản xuất được tới 8,9 mg/l axit α-linolenic (ALA) và 4,1 mg/l axit stearidonic (SDA), gấp hơn sáu lần mức tương ứng của chủng hoang dã ở 20°C và 30°C. Do đó, việc biểu hiện chuyển gen của các enzyme Δ6 và Δ15 fatty acid desaturases làm tăng tích lũy các ω-3 PUFAs đặc hiệu trong Synechocystis sp. PCC6803. Trong tảo siêu biển Synechocystis sp. PCC6803, việc làm quá tải các gen nội sinh và ngoại lai mã hóa cho các enzyme PUFA desaturases đã làm tăng đáng kể sự tích lũy ALA và SDA và giảm sự tích lũy axit linoleic và axit γ-linolenic. Nghiên cứu này đặt nền tảng cho việc tăng cường hàm lượng axit béo trong vi khuẩn lam và, cuối cùng, nhằm sản xuất các sản phẩm dinh dưỡng và y tế có mức ω-3 PUFAs thiết yếu cao.
Từ khóa
#axit béo không bão hòa đa #omega-3 #Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 #fatty acid desaturases #sinh tổng hợp #tảo vi dưỡng #chuyển genTài liệu tham khảo
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