Transforming growth factor-β: multifunctional regulator of differentiation and development

The Royal Society - Tập 327 Số 1239 - Trang 145-154 - 1990
Anita B. Roberts1,2, Kathleen C. Flanders1,2, Ursula Heine1,2, Sonia B. Jakowlew1,2, Paturu Kondaiah1,2, S.-j. Kim1,2, Michael B. Sporn1,2
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Tóm tắt

Transforming growth factors-β (TGF-β) are 25 kilodalton (kDa) homodimeric peptides with multifunctional actions controlling the growth, differentiation and function of a broad range of target cells of both epithelial and mesenchymal derivation. They are expressed early in embryogenesis and their tissue-specific and developmentally dependent expression is strongly suggestive of an essential role in particular morphogenetic and histogenetic events. Five distinct TGF-βs have been characterized so far, with 65-80 % homology to each other. By using both molecular biological and immunohistochemical techniques, we are currently attempting to define specific sites of expression of the different TGF-βs and to determine whether TGF-βs 1-5 might have unique functions in development and in the mature organism. Comparative study of the promoter regions for the different TGF-βs and for any particular TGF-β in different species is also underway. Mechanistically, TGF-βs act to control gene expression of their target cells, many of their actions converging on a complex, multifaceted scheme of control of matrix proteins and their interactions with cells; these effects on matrix are thought to mediate many of the effects of TGF-β on development.

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The Royal Society

Tập 327 Số 1239

145-154

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