Trade‐offs between land and water requirements for large‐scale bioenergy production

GCB Bioenergy - Tập 8 Số 1 - Trang 11-24 - 2016
Markus Bonsch1,2, Florian Humpenöder1,2, Alexander Popp2, Benjamin Leon Bodirsky1,2, Jan Philipp Dietrich1,2, Susanne Rolinski2, Anne Biewald2, Hermann Lotze‐Campen3,2, Isabelle Weindl3,2, Dieter Gerten2, Miodrag Stevanović1,2
1Economics of Climate Change Technical University Berlin Strasse des 17. Juni 145 Berlin 10623 Germany
2Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Telegraphenberg, Potsdam 14473, Germany,
3Humboldt University of Berlin Unter den Linden 6 Berlin 10099 Germany

Tóm tắt

AbstractBioenergy is expected to play an important role in the future energy mix as it can substitute fossil fuels and contribute to climate change mitigation. However, large‐scale bioenergy cultivation may put substantial pressure on land and water resources. While irrigated bioenergy production can reduce the pressure on land due to higher yields, associated irrigation water requirements may lead to degradation of freshwater ecosystems and to conflicts with other potential users. In this article, we investigate the trade‐offs between land and water requirements of large‐scale bioenergy production. To this end, we adopt an exogenous demand trajectory for bioenergy from dedicated energy crops, targeted at limiting greenhouse gas emissions in the energy sector to 1100 Gt carbon dioxide equivalent until 2095. We then use the spatially explicit global land‐ and water‐use allocation model MAgPIE to project the implications of this bioenergy target for global land and water resources. We find that producing 300 EJ yr−1 of bioenergy in 2095 from dedicated bioenergy crops is likely to double agricultural water withdrawals if no explicit water protection policies are implemented. Since current human water withdrawals are dominated by agriculture and already lead to ecosystem degradation and biodiversity loss, such a doubling will pose a severe threat to freshwater ecosystems. If irrigated bioenergy production is prohibited to prevent negative impacts of bioenergy cultivation on water resources, bioenergy land requirements for meeting a 300 EJ yr−1 bioenergy target increase substantially (+ 41%) – mainly at the expense of pasture areas and tropical forests. Thus, avoiding negative environmental impacts of large‐scale bioenergy production will require policies that balance associated water and land requirements.

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GCB Bioenergy

Tập 8 Số 1

11-24

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