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Theo dõi bệnh dã ngoại bằng khoa học cộng đồng: một ví dụ về myiasis ở ếch
Tóm tắt
Việc giám sát ký sinh trùng và tác nhân gây bệnh là rất quan trọng để hiểu các xu hướng phân bố và quang phổ vật chủ của chúng, cũng như để ghi nhận sự thay đổi trong động lực học quần thể của chúng. Tuy nhiên, việc giám sát liên tục tiêu tốn thời gian, thiếu kinh phí do bản chất không thu hút của ký sinh trùng/tác nhân gây bệnh, và cơ sở hạ tầng nghiên cứu thường chỉ được giới hạn cho các nỗ lực giám sát ngắn hạn. Dữ liệu quan sát các loài từ công chúng có thể đóng góp vào giám sát lâu dài các ký sinh trùng bằng cách sử dụng chứng cứ bằng hình ảnh về các trường hợp nhiễm bệnh được chia sẻ trên các nền tảng khoa học cộng đồng. Ở đây, chúng tôi đã sử dụng các kho hình ảnh công cộng để ghi nhận sự xuất hiện của Lucilia spp. (Diptera: Calliphoridae), một ký sinh trùng gây myiasis ở mũi ếch châu Âu Bufo bufo (Anura: Bufonidae) qua không gian và thời gian. Chúng tôi đã tìm thấy tổng cộng 262 quan sát myiasis ếch trên iNaturalist (n = 132), trên GBIF (n = 86), trên Flickr (n = 41) và trên observation.org (n = 3). Kết quả của chúng tôi chỉ ra rằng sự phân bố của myiasis ếch bị giới hạn theo khu vực, mặc dù vật chủ của nó được phân bố rộng rãi và phong phú trên một vùng rộng lớn ở châu Âu. Các quan sát được tìm thấy ở 12 quốc gia với tỷ lệ tương đối thấp, bao gồm Bỉ (3,90%, CI 2,44–6,18), Đan Mạch (1,26%, CI 0,89–1,80), Pháp (0,45%, CI 0,14–1,38), Đức (1,27%, CI 0,92–1,75), Litva (0,50%, CI 0,13–1,98), Luxembourg (1,30%, CI 0,42–3,95), Hà Lan (2,71%, CI 1,61–4,52), Ba Lan (0,89%, CI 0,34–2,35), Nga (Tỉnh Kaliningrad) (4,76%, CI 0,67–27,14), Thụy Sĩ (NA), Ucraina (0,87%, CI 0,12–5,91) và Anh (0,45%, CI 0,28–0,72). Tuy nhiên, số lượng các quan sát được tải lên về cả sự nhiễm bệnh của ký sinh trùng và sự hiện diện của vật chủ cho thấy một sự gia tăng ổn định có thể do sự gia tăng phổ biến của các trang web khoa học cộng đồng. Nhìn chung, khoa học cộng đồng là công cụ hữu ích để phát hiện và giám sát một số bệnh dã ngoại và để nhận diện những thay đổi tiềm năng trong động lực học bệnh qua thời gian và không gian.
Từ khóa
#Zoology #Ecology #Fish & Wildlife Biology & ManagementTài liệu tham khảo
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