Timing of Menarche and First Birth in Relation to Risk of Breast Cancer in A-Bomb Survivors

Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention - Tập 19 Số 7 - Trang 1746-1754 - 2010
Jean A. McDougall1,2,3, Ritsu Sakata1,2, Hiromi Sugiyama1,2,3, Eric J. Grant1,2,3, Scott Davis1,2, Nobuo Nishi1,2,3, Midori Soda1,2,3, Yukiko Shimizu1,2,3, Yoshimi Tatsukawa1,2,3, Fumiyoshi Kasagi1,2,3, Akihiko Suyama1,2,3, Paul Ross1,2,3, Kenneth J. Kopecky1,2, Christopher I. Li1,2
1Authors' Affiliations: Departments of 1Epidemiology and 2Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Departments of 3Clinical Studies, 4Epidemiology, Hiroshima, Japan, 5Epidemiology, Nagasaki, Japan, and 6Statistics, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan; Programs in 7Epidemiology and 8Cancer Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
2Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
3Programs in Epidemiology and Cancer Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington

Tóm tắt

Abstract Background: The length of the interval between age at menarche and age at first birth is positively associated with breast cancer risk. We examined the risk of breast cancer in atomic bomb survivors to investigate whether women exposed to radiation between menarche and first birth had a higher risk of radiogenic breast cancer than women exposed at the same age but outside this interval. Methods: Women (n = 30,113) were classified into three reproductive status at the time of the bombings (ATB) categories (premenarche, between menarche and first birth, or after first birth). Poisson regression was used to test the primary hypothesis. Results: When the background rate of breast cancer was taken to depend on city, age ATB, and attained age only, the radiation-related excess relative risk (ERR) varied significantly among the three categories (P = 0.049). However, after controlling for significant heterogeneity in the baseline risk of breast cancer between reproductive status ATB groups (P < 0.001), no significant heterogeneity (P = 0.88) was observed in the ERR, with an ERR per Gy of 1.36 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.54-2.75] for women exposed between menarche and first birth ATB, and 1.07 (95% CI, 0.22-3.62) and 1.53 (95% CI, 0.63-2.90) for those exposed premenarche or after first birth, respectively. Conclusions: The radiation-associated risk of breast cancer does not vary significantly by reproductive status ATB. Impact: It is possible that radiation exerts similar carcinogenic effects on the breast regardless of its stage of differentiation, or that the differences in radiosensitivity are too small to be detected in this cohort. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(7); 1746–54. ©2010 AACR.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Iwasaki, 2007, Role and impact of menstrual and reproductive factors on breast cancer risk in Japan, Eur J Cancer Prev, 116, 10.1097/01.cej.0000228410.14095.2d

Kelsey, 1993, Reproductive factors and breast cancer, Epidemiol Rev, 15, 36, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.epirev.a036115

Hankinson, 2004, Towards an integrated model for breast cancer etiology: the lifelong interplay of genes, lifestyle, and hormones, Breast Cancer Res, 6, 213, 10.1186/bcr921

Colditz, 2005, Epidemiology and prevention of breast cancer, Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 14, 768, 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-04-0157

Russo, 2005, The protective role of pregnancy in breast cancer, Breast Cancer Res, 7, 131, 10.1186/bcr1029

Li, 2008, Timing of menarche and first full-term birth in relation to breast cancer risk, Am J Epidemiol, 167, 230, 10.1093/aje/kwm271

Clavel-Chapelon, 2002, Cumulative number of menstrual cycles and breast cancer risk: results from the E3N cohort study of French women, Cancer Causes Control, 13, 831, 10.1023/A:1020684821837

Land, 2003, Incidence of female breast cancer among atomic bomb survivors, Hiroshima and Nagasaki, 1950-1990, Radiat Res, 160, 707, 10.1667/RR3082

Goodman, 1997, Risk factors for primary breast cancer in Japan: 8-year follow-up of atomic bomb survivors, Prev Med, 26, 144, 10.1006/pmed.1996.9979

Land, 1993, Early-onset breast cancer in A-bomb survivors, Lancet, 342, 237, 10.1016/0140-6736(93)92324-M

Shore, 1980, Synergism between radiation and other risk factors for breast cancer, Prev Med, 9, 815, 10.1016/0091-7435(80)90024-9

Ronckers, 2008, Multiple diagnostic X-rays for spine deformities and risk of breast cancer, Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 17, 605, 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-07-2628

Preston, 2007, Solid cancer incidence in atomic bomb survivors: 1958-1998, Radiat Res, 168, 1, 10.1667/RR0763.1

Sposto, 1992, Correcting for Catchment Area Non-residency in Studies Based on Tumor Registry Data [Internet]

Young, 2005, Reassessment of the Atomic Bomb Radiation Dosimetry for Hiroshima and Nagasaki: Dosimetry System 2002

Pierce, 1990, Allowing for random errors in radiation dose estimates for the atomic bomb survivor data, Radiat Res, 123, 275, 10.2307/3577733

Preston, 1993, Epicure Users Guide

Walsh, 2009, Radiation risk modeling of thyroid cancer with special emphasis on the Chernobyl epidemiological data, Radiat Res, 509

Thông tin
Thông tin xuất bản

Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention

Tập 19 Số 7

1746-1754

Thông tin tác giả