Time preferences and health behaviour: a review

Agricultural and Food Economics - Tập 1 - Trang 1-19 - 2013
Lydia Lawless1, Andreas C Drichoutis2, Rodolfo M Nayga3,4,5
1Sensory Spectrum, New Providence, USA
2Department of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
3Department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, USA
4Norwegian Agricultural Economics Research Institute, Oslo, Norway
5Department of Food and Resource Economics, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea

Tóm tắt

In this paper, we review published studies to assess the influence of time preferences on human health behaviour. Our review indicates that elicited discount rates for health have been found to be higher than those for money in both the social and private context. We discuss the importance of discount rates for public policy since high time discount rates can contribute to governmental emphasis on acute health care, rather than preventive health care. We then examine how time preferences interrelate with specific health concerns such as smoking or obesity. We find that even when time preferences are elicited in the monetary domain, they can be successful in predicting smoking cessation and likewise for obesity. We also discuss how time preferences relate with teen risk taking behavior. D91, I0

Tài liệu tham khảo

Adams J: The mediating role of time perspective in socio-economic inequalities in smoking and physical activity in older English adults. J Health Psychol 2009a, 14(6):794–799. doi:10.1177/1359105309338979 Adams J: The role of time perspective in smoking cessation amongst older English adults. Health Psychol 2009b, 28(5):529–534. doi:10.1037/a0015198 Adams J, White M: Time perspective in socioeconomic inequalities in smoking and body mass index. Health Psychol 2009, 28(1):83–90. doi:10.1037/0278–6133.28.1.83 Andersen S, Harrison GW, Lau M, Rutstrom EE: Discounting behavior: A reconsideration. Working paper 2011–3, Center for the Economic Analysis of Risk. 2011. Andersen S, Harrison GW, Lau MI, Rutstrom EE: Eliciting risk and time preferences. Econometrica 2008, 76(3):583–618. doi:10.1111/j.1468–0262.2008.00848.x Andersen S, Harrison GW, Lau MI, Rutström EE: Discounting behaviour and the magnitude effect: evidence from a field experiment in Denmark. Economica 2013, 80(320):670–697. doi:10.1111/ecca.12028 Anderson LR, Mellor JM: Predicting health behaviors with an experimental measure of risk preference. J Health Econ 2008, 27(5):1260–1274. doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2008.05.011 Andreoni J, Sprenger C: Estimating time preferences from convex budgets. Am Econ Rev 2012, 102(7):3333–3356. doi:10.1257/aer.102.7.3333 Ashraf N, Karlan D, Yin W: Tying Odysseus to the mast: evidence from a commitment savings product in the Philippines. Q J Econ 2006, 121(2):635–672. doi:10.1162/qjec.2006.121.2.635 Ayyagari P, Grossman D, Sloan F: Education and health: evidence on adults with diabetes. Int J Health Care Finance Econ 2011, 11(1):35–54. doi:10.1007/s10754–010–9087-x Baron J, Asch DA, Fagerlin A, Jepson C, Loewenstein G, Riis J, Stineman MG, Ubel PA: Effect of assessment method on the discrepancy between judgments of health disorders people have and do not have: a web study. Med Decis Making 2003, 23(5):422–434. doi:10.1177/0272989x03257277 Becker GS, Murphy KM: A theory of rational addiction. J Polit Econ 1988, 96(4):675–700. 10.1086/261558 Blaylock J, Smallwood D, Kassel K, Variyam J, Aldrich L: Economics, food choices, and nutrition. Food Pol 1999, 24(2–3):269–286. doi:10.1016/S0306–9192(99)00029–9 Bosch-Domènech A, Silvestre J: Measuring risk aversion with lists: a new bias. Theory Dec 2013, 75(4):465–496. doi:10.1007/s11238–012–9332–5 Breman A: Give more tomorrow: two field experiments on altruism and intertemporal choice. J Public Econ 2011, 95(11–12):1349–1357. doi:10.1016/j.jpubeco.2011.05.004 Cairns J: Discounting in economic evaluation. In Economic Evaluation in Health Care - Merging Theory with Practice. Edited by: Drummond M, McGuire A. Oxford University Press, Oxford; 2001. Cairns J, van der Pol M: The estimation of marginal time preferences in a UK-wide sample (TEMPUS) project. Health Technol Assess 2000., 4(1): doi:10.3310/hta4010 doi:10.3310/hta4010 Cawley J: Reefer madness, frank the tank, or pretty woman: To what extent do addictive behaviors respond to incentives? In Incentives and Choice in Health Care. Edited by: Sloan FA, Kasper H. MIT Press, U.S.A.; 2008. Cawley J, Ruhm C: The economics of risky health behaviors. NBER Working Paper 17081. 2011. Chao L-W, Szrek H, Pereira NS, Pauly MV: Time preference and its relationship with age, health, and survival probability. Judgm Decis Mak 2009, 4(1):1–19. Chapman GB: Temporal discounting and utility for health and money. J Exp Psychol Learn 1996, 22(3):771–791. doi:10.1037/0278–7393.22.3.771 Chapman GB: Time discounting of health outcomes. In Time and Decision: Economic and Psychological Perspectives on Intertemporal Choice. Edited by: Lowenstein GA, Read D, Baumestier RF. Russell Sage Foundation, New York, New York; 2003:395–418. Chapman GB: Short-term cost for long-term benefit: time preference and cancer control. Health Psychol 2005, 24(4):S41-S48. doi:10.1037/0278–6133.24.4.s41 Chapman GB, Nelson R, Hier DB: Familiarity and time preferences: decision making about treatments for migraine headaches and Crohn's disease. J Exp Psychol-Appl 1999, 5(1):17–34. doi:10.1037/1076–898X.5.1.17 Chen K, Lange F: Education, information and improved health: Evidence from cancer screening. IZA Discussion Paper No 3548. 2008. Chesson HW, Leichliter JS, Zimet GD, Rosenthal SL, Bernstein DI, Fife KH: Discount rates and risky sexual behaviors among teenagers and young adults. J Risk Uncertainty 2006, 32(3):217–230. doi:10.1007/s11166–006–9520–1 Cheung SL: On the elicitation of time preference under conditions of risk. Am Econ Rev (forthcoming) 2014. Colditz GA: Economic costs of obesity. Am J Clin Nutr 1992, 55(2):503S-507S. Coller M, Williams MB: Eliciting individual discount rates. Exper Econ 1999, 2(2):107–127. doi:10.1023/A:1009986005690 Cutler DM, Lleras-Muney A: Understanding differences in health behaviors by education. J Health Econ 2010, 29(1):1–28. doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2009.10.003 de Walque D: How does the impact of an HIV/AIDS information campaign vary with educational attainment? Evidence from rural Uganda. J Devel Econ 2007, 84(2):686–714. 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2006.12.003 Drichoutis A, Lusk J: What can multiple price lists really tell us about risk preferences? Munich Personal RePEc Archive Paper No 42128. 2012. Drummond M, Stoddart G, Torrance G: Methods for the economic evaluation of health care programmes. vol. Book, Whole. Oxford University Press, Oxford; 1987. Essink-Bot M-L, Stuifbergen M, Meerding W-J, Looman C, Bonsel G, group tV: Individual differences in the use of the response scale determine valuations of hypothetical health states: an empirical study. BMC Health Serv Res 2007, 7(1):62. doi:10.1186/1472–6963–7-62 Ferguson BS: Economic modeling of the rational consumption of addictive substances. Subst Use Misuse 2006, 41(4):573–603. doi:10.1080/10826080500521631 Fersterer J, Winter-Ebmer R: Smoking, discount rates, and returns to education. Econ Educ Rev 2003, 22(6):561–566. doi:10.1016/s0272–7757(03)00072–9 Fleßa S: Decision support for AIDS control programmes in eastern Africa. OR Spectr 2003, 25(2):265–291. doi:10.1007/s00291–003–0123–9 Frederick S: Valuing future life and future lives: a framework for understanding discounting. J Econ Psych 2006, 27(5):667–680. doi:10.1016/j.joep.2006.05.007 Frederick S, Loewenstein G, O'Donoghue T: Time discounting and time preference: a critical review. J Econ Lit 2002, 40(2):351–401. 10.1257/002205102320161311 Goto R, Takahashi Y, Nishimura S, Ida T: A cohort study to examine whether time and risk preference is related to smoking cessation success. Addiction 2009, 104(6):1018–1024. doi:10.1111/j.1360–0443.2009.02585.x Hammitt JK, Liu JT: Effects of disease type and latency on the value of mortality risk. J Risk Uncertainty 2004, 28(1):73–95. doi:10.1023/B:RISK.0000009437.24783.e1 Hardisty DJ, Weber EU: Discounting future green: money versus the environment. J Exp Psychol Gen 2009, 138(3):329–340. doi:10.1037/a0016433 Harrison GW: Hypothetical bias over uncertain outcomes. In Using experimental methods in environmental and resource economics. Edited by: List JA. Elgar, Northampton, MA; 2006. doi:10.4337/9781847203045.00008 Harrison GW, Lau MI, Rutstrom EE: Individual discount rates and smoking: evidence from a field experiment in Denmark. J Health Econ 2010, 29(5):708–717. doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2010.06.006 Harrison GW, Rutstrom EE: Experimental evidence on the existence of hypothetical bias in value elicitation experiments. In Handbook of Experimental Economics Results. Edited by: Plott CR, Smith VL. Elsevier Press, New York; 2008a:752–767. Harrison GW, Rutstrom EE: Risk aversion in the laboratory. In Risk Aversion in Experiments (Research in Experimental Economics, Volume 12). Edited by: Cox JC, Harrison GW. Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Bingley, UK; 2008b:41–196. doi:10.1016/S0193–2306(08)00003–3 Hong S, Collins AR: The impact of antismoking policies in Korea on quit success and smoking intentions. Contemporary Econ Pol 2010, 28(4):474–487. doi:10.1111/j.1465–7287.2009.00137.x Huston SJ, Finke MS: Diet choice and the role of time preference. J Cons Aff 2003, 37(1):143–160. doi:10.1111/j.1745–6606.2003.tb00444.x Ida T, Goto R: Interdependency among addictive behaviours and time/risk preferences: discrete choice model analysis of smoking, drinking, and gambling. J Econ Psych 2009a, 30(4):608–621. doi:10.1016/j.joep.2009.05.003 Ida T, Goto R: Simultaneous measurement of time and risk preferences: Stated preference discrete choice modeling analysis depending on smoking behavior. Int Econ Rev 2009b, 50(4):1169–1182. doi:10.1111/j.1468–2354.2009.00564.x Khwaja A, Silverman D, Sloan F: Time preference, time discounting, and smoking decisions. J Health Econ 2007, 26(5):927–949. doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2007.02.004 Kirby KN, Maraković NN: Modeling myopic decisions: evidence for hyperbolic delay-discounting within subjects and amounts. Organ Behav Hum Decis Process 1995, 64(1):22–30. doi:10.1006/obhd.1995.1086 Klesges RC, Meyers AW, Klesges LM, Lavasque ME: Smoking, body weight, and their effects on smoking behavior: a comprehensive review of the literature. Psychol Bull 1989, 106(2):204–230. doi:10.1037/0033–2909.106.2.204 Komlos J, Smith PK, Bogin B: Obesity and the rate of time preference: is there a connection? J Biosoc Sci 2004, 36(2):209–219. doi:10.1017/s0021932003006205 Lakdawalla D, Philipson T: The growth of obesity and technological change. Econ Hum Biol 2009, 7(3):283–293. doi:10.1016/j.ehb.2009.08.001 Lazaro A: Theoretical arguments for the discounting of health consequences: where do we go from here? Pharmacoeconomics 2002, 20(14):943–961. doi:10.2165/00019053–200220140–00001 Lazaro A, Barberan R, Rubio E: Private and social time preferences for health and money: an empirical estimation. Health Econ 2001, 10(4):351–356. doi:10.1002/hec.599 Lazaro A, Barberan R, Rubio E: The economic evaluation of health programmes: why discount health consequences more than monetary consequences? Appl Econ 2002, 34(3):339–350. doi:10.1080/00036840110043758 Lieu T, Ray GT, Ortega-Sanchez I, Kleinman K, Rusinak D: Willingness to Pay for a QALY Based on Community Member and Patient Preferences for Temporary Health States Associated with Herpes Zoster. Pharmacoeconomics 2009, 27(12):1005–1016. doi:10.2165/11314000–000000000–00000 Loewenstein G: Hot-cold empathy gaps and medical decision making. Health Psychol 2005, 24(4):S49-S56. doi:10.1037/0278–6133.24.4.s49 Loewenstein G, Prelec D: Anomalies in intertemporal choice: evidence and interpretation. Quart J Econ 1992, 107(2):573–597. doi:10.2307/2118482 Mazur JE: The Effect of Delay and Intervening Events on Reinforcement Value. Edited by: Commons ML, Mazur JE, Nevin JA, Rachlin H. Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ; 1987:55–76–55–76. Meerding WJ, Bonsel GJ, Brouwer WBF, Stuifbergen MC, Essink-Bot M-L: Social time preferences for health and money elicited with a choice experiment. Value Health 2010, 13(4):368–374. doi:10.1111/j.1524–4733.2009.00681.x Mokdad AH, Marks JS, Stroup DF, Gerberding JL: Actual causes of death in the United States, 2000. JAMA 2004, 291(10):1238–1245. doi:10.1001/jama.291.10.1238 O'Donoghue T, Rabin M: Risky behavior among youths: Some issues from behavioral economics. In Risky behavior among youths: an economic analysis. Edited by: Gruber J. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL; 2001:29–67. Olsen JA: On what basis should health be discounted. J Health Econ 1993, 12(1):39–53. doi:10.1016/0167–6296(93)90039-H Percoco M, Nijkamp P: Estimating individual rates of discount: a meta-analysis. Appl Econ Letters 2009, 16(12):1235–1239. doi:10.1080/13504850701367189 Philipson TJ, Posner RA: The long-run growth in obesity as a function of technological change. Perspect Biol Med 2003, 46(3):S87-S107. doi:10.1353/pbm.2003.0058 Picone G, Sloan F, Taylor D: Effects of risk and time preference and expected longevity on demand for medical tests. J Risk Uncertainty 2004, 28(1):39–53. doi:10.1023/B:RISK.0000009435.11390.23 Robb CA, Huston SJ, Finke MS: The mitigating influence of time preference on the relation between smoking and BMI scores. Int J Obes 2008, 32(11):1670–1677. doi:10.1038/ijo.2008.151 Robberstad B: Estimation of private and social time preferences for health in northern Tanzania. Soc Sci Med 2005, 61(7):1597–1607. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.03.013 Robberstad B, Cairns J: Time preferences for health in northern Tanzania: an empirical analysis of alternative discounting models. Pharmacoeconomics 2007, 25(1):73–88. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.03.013 Rosenman R: The public finance of healthy behavior. Public Choice 2011, 147(1–2):173–188. doi:10.1007/s11127–010–9611-z Scharff RL, Viscusi WK: Heterogeneous rates of time preference and the decision to smoke. Econ Inq 2011, 49(4):959–972. doi:10.1111/j.1465–7295.2009.00191.x Shanmugam KR: Rate of time preference and the quantity adjusted value of life in India. Environ Devel Econ 2006, 11(05):569–583. doi:10.1017/S1355770X06003135 Sloan FA, Padron NA, Platt AC: Preferences, beliefs, and self-management of diabetes. Health Serv Res 2009, 44(3):1068–1087. doi:10.1111/j.1475–6773.2009.00957.x Sloan FA, Wang Y: Economic theory and evidence on smoking behavior of adults. Addiction 2008, 103(11):1777–1785. doi:10.1111/j.1360–0443.2008.02329.x Smith PK, Bogin B, Bishai D: Are time preference and body mass index associated? Evidence from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. Econ Hum Biol 2005, 3(2):259–270. doi:10.1016/j.ehb.2005.05.001 Thaler RH, Benartzi S: Save More Tomorrow™: using behavioral economics to increase employee saving. J Polit Econ 2004, 112(S1):S164-S187. doi:10.1086/380085 Tsukayama E, Duckworth AL: Domain-specific temporal discounting and temptation. Judgm Decis Mak 2010, 5(2):72–82. van der Pol M, Cairns J: A comparison of the discounted utility model and hyperbolic discounting models in the case of social and private intertemporal preferences for health. J Econ Behav Organ 2002, 49(1):79–96. doi:10.1016/S0167–2681(02)00059–8 Wang M, Rieger MO, Hens T: How time preferences differ: Evidence from 45 countries. Working paper, Department of Finance and Management Science, Norwegian School of Economics. 2011. Ward KD, Klesges RC, Halpern MT: Predictors of smoking cessation and state-of-the-art smoking interventions. J Soc Issues 1997, 53(1):129–145. doi:10.1111/j.1540–4560.1997.tb02435.x Watts JJ, Segal L: Market failure, policy failure and other distortions in chronic disease markets. BMC Health Serv Res 2009, 9: 102–102. doi:10.1186/1472–6963–9-102 Zhang L, Rashad I: Obesity and time preference: the health consequences of discounting the future. J Biosoc Sci 2008, 40(1):97–113. doi:10.1186/1472–6963–9-102