Time domain structures: What and where they are, what they do, and how they are made

Geophysical Research Letters - Tập 42 Số 10 - Trang 3627-3638 - 2015
F. S. Mozer1, O. V. Agapitov1,2, A. V. Artemyev3, J. F. Drake4, V. Krasnoselskikh5, Solène Lejosne1, I. Y. Vasko3
1Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California USA
2Taras Shevchenko National University of Kiev, Kiev, Ukraine
3Space Research Institute, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
4Physics Department, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
5LPC2E/CNRS-University of Orleans, Orleans, France

Tóm tắt

AbstractTime domain structures (TDS) (electrostatic or electromagnetic electron holes, solitary waves, double layers, etc.) are ≥1 ms pulses having significant parallel (to the background magnetic field) electric fields. They are abundant through space and occur in packets of hundreds in the outer Van Allen radiation belts where they produce magnetic‐field‐aligned electron pitch angle distributions at energies up to a hundred keV. TDS can provide the seed electrons that are later accelerated to relativistic energies by whistlers and they also produce field‐aligned electrons that may be responsible for some types of auroras. These field‐aligned electron distributions result from at least three processes. The first process is parallel acceleration by Landau trapping in the TDS parallel electric field. The second process is Fermi acceleration due to reflection of electrons by the TDS. The third process is an effective and rapid pitch angle scattering resulting from electron interactions with the perpendicular and parallel electric and magnetic fields of many TDS. TDS are created by current‐driven and beam‐related instabilities and by whistler‐related processes such as parametric decay of whistlers and nonlinear evolution from oblique whistlers. New results on the temporal relationship of TDS and particle injections, types of field‐aligned electron pitch angle distributions produced by TDS, the mechanisms for generation of field‐aligned distributions by TDS, the maximum energies of field‐aligned electrons created by TDS in the absence of whistler mode waves, TDS generation by oblique whistlers and three‐wave‐parametric decay, and the correlation between TDS and auroral particle precipitation, are presented.

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Geophysical Research Letters

Tập 42 Số 10

3627-3638

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