Inker LA, Astor BC, Fox CH, Isakova T, Lash JP, Peralta CA, et al. KDOQI US commentary on the 2012 KDIGO clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of CKD. Am J Kidney Dis. 2014;63(5):713–35.
Collins AJ, Foley RN, Herzog C, Chavers B, Gilbertson D, Ishani A, et al. US renal data system 2010 annual data report. Am J Kidney Dis. 2011;57(1 Suppl 1):A8-e1–526.
Foley RN, Murray AM, Li S, Herzog CA, McBean AM, Eggers PW, et al. Chronic kidney disease and the risk for cardiovascular disease, renal replacement, and death in the United States Medicare population, 1998 to 1999. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2005;16(2):489–95.
Hallan SI, Matsushita K, Sang Y, Mahmoodi BK, Black C, Ishani A, et al. Age and association of kidney measures with mortality and end-stage renal disease. JAMA. 2012;308(22):2349–60.
Coresh J, Selvin E, Stevens LA, Manzi J, Kusek JW, Eggers P, et al. Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in the United States. JAMA. 2007;298(17):2038–47.
Zhang L, Wang F, Wang L, Wang W, Liu B, Liu J, et al. Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in China: a cross-sectional survey. Lancet. 2012;379(9818):815–22.
Levey AS, Coresh J. Chronic kidney disease. Lancet. 2012;379(9811):165–80.
James MT, Hemmelgarn BR, Tonelli M. Early recognition and prevention of chronic kidney disease. Lancet. 2010;375(9722):1296–309.
Tohidi M, Hasheminia M, Mohebi R, Khalili D, Hosseinpanah F, Yazdani B, et al. Incidence of chronic kidney disease and its risk factors, results of over 10 year follow up in an Iranian cohort. PLoS ONE. 2012;7(9):e45304.
den Hollander JG, Wulkan RW, Mantel MJ, Berghout A. Correlation between severity of thyroid dysfunction and renal function. Clin Endocrinol. 2005;62(4):423–7.
Katz AI, Emmanouel DS, Lindheimer MD. Thyroid hormone and the kidney. Nephron. 1975;15(3–5):223–49.
Villabona C, Sahun M, Roca M, Mora J, Gomez N, Gomez JM, et al. Blood volumes and renal function in overt and subclinical primary hypothyroidism. Am J Med Sci. 1999;318(4):277–80.
Asvold BO, Bjoro T, Vatten LJ. Association of thyroid function with estimated glomerular filtration rate in a population-based study: the HUNT study. Eur J Endocrinol. 2011;164(1):101–5.
Gopinath B, Harris DC, Wall JR, Kifley A, Mitchell P. Relationship between thyroid dysfunction and chronic kidney disease in community-dwelling older adults. Maturitas. 2013;75(2):159–64.
Kreisman SH, Hennessey JV. Consistent reversible elevations of serum creatinine levels in severe hypothyroidism. Arch Intern Med. 1999;159(1):79–82.
Woodward A, McCann S, Al-Jubouri M. The relationship between estimated glomerular filtration rate and thyroid function: an observational study. Ann Clin Biochem. 2008;45(Pt 5):515–7.
Basu G, Mohapatra A. Interactions between thyroid disorders and kidney disease. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2012;16(2):204–13.
Lippi G, Montagnana M, Targher G, Salvagno GL, Guidi GC. Relationship between thyroid status and renal function in a general population of unselected outpatients. Clin Biochem. 2008;41(7–8):625–7.
Chonchol M, Lippi G, Salvagno G, Zoppini G, Muggeo M, Targher G. Prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism in patients with chronic kidney disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2008;3(5):1296–300.
Zhang Y, Chang Y, Ryu S, Cho J, Lee WY, Rhee EJ, et al. Thyroid hormone levels and incident chronic kidney disease in euthyroid individuals: the Kangbuk Samsung Health Study. Int J Epidemiol. 2014;43(5):1624–32.
Meuwese CL, Gussekloo J, de Craen AJ, Dekker FW, den Elzen WP. Thyroid status and renal function in older persons in the general population. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014;99(8):2689–96.
Ning G, Bi Y, Wang T, Xu M, Xu Y, Huang Y, et al. Relationship of urinary bisphenol A concentration to risk for prevalent type 2 diabetes in Chinese adults: a cross-sectional analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2011;155(6):368–74.
Wang T, Lu J, Xu M, Xu Y, Li M, Liu Y, et al. Urinary bisphenol a concentration and thyroid function in Chinese adults. Epidemiology. 2013;24(2):295–302.
Levey AS, Stevens LA, Schmid CH, Zhang YL, Castro AF 3rd, Feldman HI, et al. A new equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate. Ann Intern Med. 2009;150(9):604–12.
Zhou Y, Ye L, Wang T, Hong J, Bi Y, Zhang J, et al. Free triiodothyronine concentrations are inversely associated with microalbuminuria. Int J Endocrinol. 2014;2014:959781.
Zoppini G, Targher G, Chonchol M, Ortalda V, Abaterusso C, Pichiri I, et al. Serum uric acid levels and incident chronic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes and preserved kidney function. Diabetes Care. 2012;35(1):99–104.
Li Y, Qin X, Xie D, Tang G, Xing H, Li Z, et al. Body mass index and annual estimated GFR decline in Chinese adults with normal renal function. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2015;69(8):922–6.
Gussekloo J, van Exel E, de Craen AJ, Meinders AE, Frolich M, Westendorp RG. Thyroid status, disability and cognitive function, and survival in old age. JAMA. 2004;292(21):2591–9.
Atzmon G, Barzilai N, Hollowell JG, Surks MI, Gabriely I. Extreme longevity is associated with increased serum thyrotropin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009;94(4):1251–4.
Iglesias P, Diez JJ. Thyroid dysfunction and kidney disease. Eur J Endocrinol. 2009;160(4):503–15.
Hemmelgarn BR, Zhang J, Manns BJ, Tonelli M, Larsen E, Ghali WA, et al. Progression of kidney dysfunction in the community-dwelling elderly. Kidney Int. 2006;69(12):2155–61.
Waring AC, Arnold AM, Newman AB, Buzkova P, Hirsch C, Cappola AR. Longitudinal changes in thyroid function in the oldest old and survival: the cardiovascular health study all-stars study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012;97(11):3944–50.
Ahmed MM. Association of renal failure with thyroid dysfunction: a retrospective cohort study. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl. 2014;25(5):1017–25.
Bremner AP, Feddema P, Leedman PJ, Brown SJ, Beilby JP, Lim EM, et al. Age-related changes in thyroid function: a longitudinal study of a community-based cohort. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012;97(5):1554–62.
Vargas F, Moreno JM, Rodriguez-Gomez I, Wangensteen R, Osuna A, Alvarez-Guerra M, et al. Vascular and renal function in experimental thyroid disorders. Eur J Endocrinol. 2006;154(2):197–212.
Weetman AP, Tomlinson K, Amos N, Lazarus JH, Hall R, McGregor AM. Proteinuria in autoimmune thyroid disease. Acta Endocrinol. 1985;109(3):341–7.
Perkins BA, Ficociello LH, Ostrander BE, Silva KH, Weinberg J, Warram JH, et al. Microalbuminuria and the risk for early progressive renal function decline in type 1 diabetes. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2007;18(4):1353–61.
Babazono T, Nyumura I, Toya K, Hayashi T, Ohta M, Suzuki K, et al. Higher levels of urinary albumin excretion within the normal range predict faster decline in glomerular filtration rate in diabetic patients. Diabetes Care. 2009;32(8):1518–20.
Moynihan R, Glassock R, Doust J. Chronic kidney disease controversy: how expanding definitions are unnecessarily labelling many people as diseased. BMJ. 2013;347:f4298.
Stevens LA, Schmid CH, Greene T, Zhang YL, Beck GJ, Froissart M, et al. Comparative performance of the CKD epidemiology collaboration (CKD-EPI) and the modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) study equations for estimating GFR levels above 60 ml/min/1.73 m2. Am J Kidney Dis. 2010;56(3):486–95.
Stevens LA, Schmid CH, Zhang YL, Coresh J, Manzi J, Landis R, et al. Development and validation of GFR-estimating equations using diabetes, transplant and weight. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2010;25(2):449–57.
Eknoyan G, Hostetter T, Bakris GL, Hebert L, Levey AS, Parving HH, et al. Proteinuria and other markers of chronic kidney disease: a position statement of the national kidney foundation (NKF) and the national institute of diabetes and digestive and kidney diseases (NIDDK). Am J Kidney Dis. 2003;42(4):617–22.
Bakker AJ. Detection of microalbuminuria. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis favors albumin-to-creatinine ratio over albumin concentration. Diabetes Care. 1999;22(2):307–13.