Threat Sensitivity in Bicolor Damselfish: Effects of Sociality and Body Size

Ethology - Tập 103 Số 5 - Trang 369-383 - 1997
Gene S. Helfman1, Dana L. Winkelman1
1Institute of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens

Tóm tắt

AbstractThreat sensitivity involves graded antipredator responses that reflect the degree of predatory threat encountered. Models of predatory Atlantic trumpetfish (Aulostomus maculatus) were presented to differently sized juvenile bicolor damselfish (Pomacentrus partitus) that occurred singly or in small groups to test for threat sensitivity. Bicolor damselfish displayed threat sensitivity by responding more strongly: 1. To large models than to small models; and 2. As models were brought closer. Solitary damselfish showed stronger responses than did fish in small groups. However, no habituation to threat occurred, no correlation was found between response strength and fish size, and many individuals gave strong, ungraded responses to predator models. Comparisons between juvenile bicolor damselfish and threespot damselfish suggest that bicolor are weakly threat sensitive in that they respond strongly regardless of threat (hypersensitivity). Solitary fish are more hypersensitive than grouped fish. Threespot damselfish show a stronger influence of damselfish body size: small threespot exhibit graded responses in proportion to degree of threat (pure threat sensitivity), whereas large threespot show relatively weak responses (nonchalance). These interspecific comparisons indicate the potential range that characterizes threat sensitivity and the possible influence of social and ontogenetic factors on that range.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

10.2307/1941368

Aronson R. B., 1983, Foraging behaviour of the west Atlantic trumpetfish, Aulostomus maculatus: use of large, herbivorous reef fishes as camouflage, Bull. Mar. Sci., 33, 166

Bertram B. C., 1978, Behavioural Ecology: an Evolutionary Approach, 64

10.1007/BF00166346

10.1017/S0025315400035505

Bohnsack J. A., 1982, Gutshop 1981: Fish Food Habits Studies, 258

Cody R. P., 1991, Applied Statistics and the SAS Programming Language

Conover W. J., 1980, Practical Nonparametric Statistics

10.1016/S0065-3454(08)60407-6

10.1007/BF00001944

10.1007/BF00004773

Emery A. R., 1973, Comparative ecology and functional osteology of 14 species of damselfish (pisces: Pomacentridae) at Alligator Reef, Florida Keys, Bull. Mar. Sci., 23, 649

10.1111/j.1439-0310.1990.tb00803.x

10.1111/j.1439-0310.1986.tb00999.x

10.1007/978-3-642-75118-9_36

10.1139/f87-167

10.2307/1446296

10.1007/BF00002348

10.2307/1444408

10.1007/BF00300117

Helfman G. S., 1997, Diversity of Fishes

10.1016/B978-0-08-092551-6.50022-2

10.1016/B978-0-08-092551-6.50009-X

10.1111/j.1439-0310.1989.tb00504.x

10.1139/z90-092

10.1007/978-3-642-75118-9_10

10.1111/j.1095-8649.1986.tb05007.x

10.1007/978-94-011-1578-0_13

10.1098/rspb.1987.0004

10.1163/156853990X00194

10.1007/978-3-642-75118-9_35

10.1007/978-94-011-1578-0_9

10.1016/0003-3472(72)90002-4

10.1016/S0003-3472(89)80143-5

Peckarsky B. L., 1996, Alternative predator avoidance syndromes of stream‐dwelling mayfly larvae, Ethology, 77, 1888

10.1007/978-94-011-1578-0_12

Pulliam H. R., 1984, Behavioural Ecology: an Evolutionary Approach, 122

Randall J. E., 1967, Food habits of reef fishes of the West Indies, Stud. Trop. Oceanogr. Miami, 5, 665

10.1007/BF00168449

SAS institute inc., 1988, SAS/STAT Users Guide

10.1016/0022-0981(92)90248-9

10.1016/S0003-3472(81)80069-3

Sih A., 1987, Predation: Direct and Indirect Impacts on Aquatic Communities, 203

Thresher R. E., 1980, Reef Fish: Behavior and Ecology on the Reef and in the Aquarium

10.2307/1941129

10.1007/BF00609671

10.3354/meps076053

Wittenberger J. F., 1981, Animal Social Behavior

10.1016/S0065-3454(08)60192-8

Thông tin
Thông tin xuất bản

Ethology

Tập 103 Số 5

369-383

Thông tin tác giả