The visual prognosis of a perforation of the eyeball: A retrospective study
Tóm tắt
In the literature there is agreement about the variable prognosis of an ocular perforation, but analysis of the factors which affect the prognosis is rare. In this article the factors which determined the final visual outcome in 60 perforation cases are discussed. One third of the total number of eyes lost useful vision (visual acuity less than 0.1) while 43% retained good sight (visual acuity greater than 0.8). The visual outcome is considered for each prognostic factor. It is striking that the three most unfavourable prognostic factors often occur together: a traffic accident, a large to extremely large perforation and a corneo-scleral localization. Suggestions for the prevention of the most frequent causes are made, and early therapeutic measures are described which should be able to be performed in every large clinic.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Benson, W.E. & Machemer, R. Severe perforating injuries treated with pars plana vitrectomy. Amer. J. Ophthal. 81: 728–732 (1976).
Binkhorst, C.D., Gobin, M.H. & Leonard, P.A.M. Post-traumatic artificial lens implants (pseudophakoi) in children. Brit. J. Ophthal. 53: 518–529 (1969).
Binkhorst, C.D., Greaves, B., Kats, A. & Birmingham, A.K. Lens injury in children treated with irido-capsular supported intra-ocular lenses. Docum. Ophthal. 46: 241–277 (1979).
Boudet, C., Arnaud, B. & Rasoanaivo, R. Zur statistischen Auswertung von Bulbusverletzungen. Bericht über 363 Beobachtungen. Klin. Mbl. Augenheilk. 163: 612–623 (1973).
Bronson, N.R., II. Management of intraocular foreign bodies. Int. Ophthal. Clin. 14: 129–150 (1974).
Buschmann, W. Zum klinischen Wert echographischer Distanzmessungen bei wandnahen intraokularen Fremdkörpern. Klin. Mbl. Augenheilk. 167: 442–444 (1975).
Cinotti, A.A. & Maltzman, B.A. Prognosis and treatment of perforating ocular injuries. The John Luhr memorial lecture. Ophthal. Surg. 6: 54–61 (1975).
Cleary, P.E. & Ryan, S.J. Posterior penetrating eye injury. Amer. J. Ophthal. 88: 212–220 (1979).
Cox, M.S. & Freeman, H.M. Retinal detachment due to ocular penetration. I. Clinical characteristics and surgical result. Arch. Ophthal. 96: 1354–1361 (1978).
Deutman, A.F. De ocutome in glasvochtchirurgie. 173e vergadering Nederlands Oogheelkundig Gezelschap, Den Haag, March 1979.
Eagling, E.M. Perforating injuries involving the posterior segment. Trans. Ophthal. Soc. U.K. 95: 335–339 (1975).
Eagling, E.M. Perforating injuries of the eye. Brit. J. Ophthal. 60: 732–736 (1976).
Editorial. Progress in surgical management of ocular trauma. Brit. J. Ophthal. 60: 731 (1976).
Faulborn, J., Atkinson, A. & Olivier, D. Primary vitrectomy as a preventive surgical procedure in the treatment of severely injured eyes. Brit. J. Ophthal. 61: 202–208 (1977).
Faulborn, J., Conway, B.P. & Machemer, R. Surgical complications of pars plana vitreous surgery. Amer. J. Ophthal. 85: 116–125 (1978).
Faulborn, J., Olivier, D. & Atkinson, A. Präventive Chirurgie bei der Versorgung schwerverletzter Augen: Spätergebnisse, Komplikationen, Nachbehandlung. Klin. Mbl. Augenheilk. 169: 562–569 (1976).
Freeman, H.M., Cox, M.S. & Schepens, C.L. Traumatic retinal detachments. Int. Ophthal. Clin. 14: 151–170 (1974).
Gärtner, J. Ueber die Rolle des Traumas bei der Entstehung der Netzhautabhebung. Ophthalmologica 168: 1–12 (1974).
Heimann, K. & Paulmann, H. Vitrectomy after perforating injuries. Mod. Probl. Ophthal. 18: 242–244 (1977).
Heimann, K., Paulmann, H. & Tavakolian, U. Indikationen zur Pars-plana-Vitrectomie bei perforierenden Augenverletzungen. Klin. Mbl. Augenheilk. 172: 263–269 (1978).
Hutton, W.L., Snyder, W.B. & Vaiser, A. Vitrectomy in the treatment of ocular perforating injuries. Amer. J. Ophthal. 81: 735–759 (1976).
Johnston, S.S. Symposium on ocular trauma. The changing pattern of injury. Trans. Ophthal. Soc. U.K. 95: 307–310 (1975).
Keeney, A.H., Fintelmann, E. & Renaldo, D. Clinical mechanisms in non-industrial spectacle trauma. Amer. J. Ophthal. 74: 662–665 (1972).
Keeney, A.H. & Renaldo, D. Newly defined lens and frame factors in the reduction of eye injuries. Eye, Ear, Nose Thr. Mon. 52: 19–24 (1973).
Lecaillon-Thibon, M. & Leonard, P. Cataracte traumatique et lentille intra-oculaire. Bull. Soc. Ophtal. Fr. 75: 891–893 (1975).
Little, L.E. & LaPiana, F.G. Localization of intraorbital foreign bodies. Ann. Ophthal. 8: 541–544 (1976).
Machemer, R. Vitrectomy: a pars plana approach. Current Ophthalmology Monographs, ed. R.D. Reinecke. New York, Grüne & Stratton, 1975.
Mackay, G.M. Incidence of trauma to the eyes of car occupants. Trans. Ophthal. Soc. U.K. 95: 311–314 (1975).
Maltzman, B.A. & Cinotti, A.A. Prognosis and treatment of perforating ocular injuries. Surg. Forum 25: 503–505 (1974).
Maltzman, B.A., Pruzon, H. & Mund, M.L. A survey of ocular trauma. Sun. Ophthal. 21: 285–290 (1976).
Maul, E. & Muga, R. Anterior segment surgery early after corneal wound repair. Brit. J. Ophthal. 61: 782–784 (1977).
Merté, H.J. & Sipp, V. Augenverletzungen durch Kraftwagenunfälle. Klin. Mbl. Augenheilk. 171: 900–906 (1977).
Mondino, B.J., Brown, S.I. & Grand, M.G. Ocular injuries form exploding beverage bottles. Arch. Ophthal. 96: 2040–2041 (1978).
Neubauer, H. Intraocular foreign bodies. Trans. Ophthal. Soc. U.K. 95: 496–502 (1975).
Niiranen, M. Perforating eye injuries. A comparative epidemiological, prognostic and socio-economic study of patients treated in 1930–1939 and 1950–1959. Acta Ophthal. Suppl. 135 (1978).
Nover, A. & Borsutzky, G. Die Enucleatio bulbi früher und heute. Klin Mbl. Augenheilk. 170: 479–487 (1977).
Offutt, R.L. & Shine, I. Perforating injuries of the eye due to glass. Ann. Ophthal. 6: 357–363 (1974).
Oppong, M.C., Kern, R., Schipper, J. & Käppeli, F. Zur Korrektur der traumatisch bedingten einseitigen Aphakie bei Kindern und im Erwerbsleben stehender Erwachsener mit intraokulären Linsen. Klin. Mbl. Augenheilk. 172: 431–434 (1978).
Percival, S.P.B. A decade of intraocular foreign bodies. Brit. J. Ophthal. 56: 454–461 (1972).
Peyman, G.A., Homer, P., Rose, M., Sanders. D. & Vastine, D. The vitrophage in ocular trauma. Report of 15 cases. Acta Ophthal. 53: 427–435 (1975a).
Peyman, G.A., Huamonte, F.U. & Rose, M. Management of traumatic retinal detachment with pars plana vitrectomy, scleral buckling, and gas injection. Acta Ophthal. 53: 731–737 (1975b).
Prijot, E. Quelques réflexions sur le traitement d'urgence des plaies perforantes du globe oculaire. Arch. Ophtal. (Paris) 36: 253–255 (1976).
Roper-Hall, M.J. Treatment of traumatic cataracts. Int. Ophthal. Clin. 14: 111–127 (1974).
Ryan, S.J. & Allen, A.W. Pars-plana vitrectomy in ocular trauma. Amer. J. Ophthal. 88: 483–491 (1979).
Scharf, J. & Zonis, S. Perforating injuries of the eye in childhood. J. pediat. Ophthal. 13: 326–328 (1916).
Schober, H. & Sommer, K. Bruchsichere Brillengläser. Klin. Mbl. Augenheilk. 161: 165–174 (1972).
Slade, J.H. Secondary intra-ocular lens implants. Ten years' experience. Adv. Ophthal. 37: 156–158 (1978).
Soni, K.G. Eye injuries in road traffic accidents. Injury 5: 41–46 (1973).
Timm, G. & Osterburg, L. Die Häufigkeit der Bulbusenukleation nach perforierenden Augapfelverletzungen im Beziehung zum Lebensalter. Z. Alterforsch. 30: 337–346 (1975).
Witmer, R. Décollement de la rétine posttraumatique. Arch. Ophtal. (Paris) 36: 697–702 (1976).