The temporal relationship between intraocular pressure and extraocular muscle activation in cats

Roger E. Hofer1, William L. Lanier1, Paul A. Iaizzo2
1Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA
2Departments of Anesthesiology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA

Tóm tắt

The temporal relationship between intraocular pressure and extraocular muscle activation was studied in cats in response to the administration of the depolarizing muscle relaxant, succinylcholine (i.e. bolus doses of 0.1 and 1.0 mg/kg). Simultaneous changes in intraocular pressure, extraocular muscle force, extraocular electromyograms (EMGs), limb muscle EMGs and hindlimb muscle afferent activity were recorded. Increases in intraocular pressure were associated with extraocular muscle activation and had two components: (1) an initial abrupt increase (lasting seconds) which correlated with fasciculations within the extraocular and hindlimb muscles; and (2) a latter more sustained component (minutes) presumably due to tonic muscle activation which correlated with increases in hindlimb muscle afferent activity (e.g. due to sustained activation of bag 1 intrafusal fibers by succinylcholine). In a separate group of animals, in which the extraocular muscles were detached from the right eye bilateral intraocular pressures were measured: depolarization by succinylcholine caused a significant increase in intraocular pressure only for the eye with intact muscles. Thus, increases in intraocular pressure following the administration of succinylcholine are directly related to the changes in extraocular muscle tension which is dependent on both tonic and phasic muscle fiber responses.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Asmussen G, Becker-Bleukx G, Marèchal G (1994) The forcevelocity relation of the rabbit inferior oblique muscle; influence of temperature. Pfügers Arch 426:542–547 Bach-y-Rita P, Lennerstrand G, Alvarado J, Nichols K, McHolm G (1977) Extraocular muscle fibers: ultrastructural identification of iontophoretically labeled fibers contracting in response to succinylcholine. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 16:561–565 Brinling JC, Smith CM (1960) A characterization of the stimulation of mammalian muscle spindles by succinylcholine. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 129:56–60 Choi WW, Gergis SD, Kokoll (1984) Effects of succinlycholine chloride on the response of fast and slow muscle in the cat. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 28:516–520 Collins CC, Bach-y-Rita P (1972) Succinylcholine, ocular pressure, and extraocular muscle tension in cats and rabbits. J Appl Physiol 33:788–791 Cunningham AJ, Barry P (1986) Intraocular pressure-physiology and implications for anaesthetic management. Can Anaesth Soc J 33:195–208 Dillon JB, Sabawala P, Taylor DB, Gunter R (1957) Action of succinylcholine on extraocular muscles and intraocular pressure. Anesthesiology 18:44–49 Faye S, Evans RT (1988) Differences in the response of humans and dogs to succinyldicholine. Anesthesiology 68:471–472 Granit R, Skoglund S, Thesleff S (1953) Activation of muscle spindles by succinylcholine and decamethonium. The effects of curare. Acta Physiol Scand 28:134–151 Gregory JE, Proske U (1987) Responses of muscle receptors in the kitten to succinylcholine. Exp Brain Res 66:167–174 Hess A, Pilar G (1963) Slow fibers in the extraocular muscles of the cat. J Physiol (Lond) 169:780–798 Katz RL, Eakins KE (1966) The effect of succinylcholine, decamethonium, hexacarbaholine, gallamine and dimethyl tubocurarine on the twitch and tonic neuromuscular system of the cat. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 154:303–309 Katz RL, Eakins KE (1968) Mode of action of succinylcholine on intraocular pressure. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 162:1–9 Kelly RE, Dinner M, Turner LS, Haik B, Abramson DH, Daines P (1993) Succinylcholine increases intraocular pressure in the human eye with the extraocular muscles detached. Anesthesiology 79:948–952 Lanier WL, Iaizzo PA, Milde JH (1989) Cerebral function and muscle afferent activity following intravenous succinylcholine in dogs anesthetized with halothane: the effects of pretreatment with a defasciculating dose of pancuronium. Anesthesiology 71:87–95 Lincoff HA, Breinin GM, De Voe AG (1957) The effect of succinylcholine on the extraocular muscles. Am J Ophthalmol 43:440–444 Macri FJ (1961) Vascular pressure relationship and intraocular pressure. Arch Ophthalmol 65:571–574 Macri FJ, Grimes PA (1957) The effects of succinylcholine on the extraocular striated muscles and on the intraocular pressure. Am J Ophthalmol 44:221–229 Maier A, DeSantis M, Eldred E (1974) The occurrence of muscle spindles in extraocular muscles of various vertebrates. J Morphol 143:397–408 Metz HS, Venkatech B (1981) Succinylcholine and intraocular pressure. J Pediatr Opthalmol Strabismus 18:12–14 Mindel JS, Eisenkraft JB, Raab EL, Teutsch E (1983) Succinyldicholine and the basic ocular deviation. Am J Ophthalmol 95:315–326 Moreno RJ, Kloess P, Carlson DW (1991) Effect of succinylcholine on the intraocular contents of open globes. Opthalmology 98:636–638 Murphy DF (1985) Anesthesia and intraocular pressure. Anesth Analg 64:520–530 Oda K (1986) Motor innervation and acetylcholine receptor distribution of human extraocular muscle fibres. J Neurol Sci 74:125–133 Pachter BR (1982) Fiber composition of the superior rectus extraocular muscle of the rhesus macaque. J Morphol 174:237–250 Pandey K, Badola RP, Kumar S (1972) Time course of intraocular hypertension produced by suxamethonium. Br J Anaesth 44:191–195 Porter JD, Burns LA, McMahon EJ (1989) Denervation of primate extraocular muscle. A unique pattern of structural alterations. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 30:1894–1904 Ringel SP, Wilson WB, Barden MT, Kaiser KK (1978) Histochemistry of human extraocular muscle. Arch Ophthalmol 96:1067–1072 Spencer RF, Porter JD (1988) Structural organization of the extraocular muscles. Rev Oculomot Res 2:33–79 Taylor A, Rogers JF, Fowle AJ, Durba BA (1992) The effect of succinylcholine on cat gastrocnemius muscle spindle afferents of different fiber types. J Physiol (Lond) 456:620–644 Varghese C, Chopra SK, Daniel R, Kaur B (1990) Intraocular pressure profile during general anesthesia. Opthalmol Surg. 21:856–859 Vilis T, Lennerstrand G, Outerbridge JS (1978) Mechanical properties of succinylcholine activated muscle fibers in the inferior oblique muscle of the cat. Acta Ophthalmol 56:417–430 Waldrop TG, Rybicki KJ, Kaufman MP (1984) Chemical activation of group I and II muscle afferents has no cardiorespiratory effects. J Appl Physiol 56:1223–1228