The species-area relation for archipelago biotas: Islands as samples from a species pool
Tóm tắt
If the immigration of species from a mainland or among islands is taken into account, each island of an archipelago can be regarded as a sample from a species pool. When two or more islands are combined so as to give larger samples, the resultant species-area relation does not differ from that observed in a continuous and homogeneous habitat on a mainland. This relation can be described by either of the two mathematical models proposed before (Kobayashi, 1975, 1976). A power function seems to be insufficient because the discrepancy between the observed and the calculated values becomes larger with the increasing area. In a log-log plot, the slope values for these alternatives to a power function vary continuously from 1 to 0 as the area increases. Owing to the spatially clumped distribution of each species, the number of species found on a single island is less than that found on several smaller islands of equivalent total area. Hence the species-area relation for individual islands has a smaller slope value than that obtained by combining the different numbers of islands and approaches a power function in form. From these results, it is concluded that the species-area data on archipelago biotas are equivalent to the case where separate samples of different sizes are drawn from a universe in which each species is spatially distributed in clumps. The properties of archipelago biotas which have so far been evidenced or predicted are consistent with this conclusion.
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