Vai trò của liệu pháp bức xạ trong điều trị ung thư di căn

Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 35 - Trang 535-546 - 2018
Baldassarre Stea1, Tijana Skrepnik1, Charles C. Hsu1, Roy Abendroth2
1Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
2Department of Radiation Oncology, Sutter Health California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, USA

Tóm tắt

Liệu pháp bức xạ tiếp tục đóng vai trò quan trọng trong việc quản lý bệnh ung thư. Trong bài tổng quan này, chúng tôi thảo luận về việc sử dụng liệu pháp bức xạ để nhắm vào và kiểm soát bệnh vi di căn (sử dụng liệu pháp bức xạ hỗ trợ), hoặc sử dụng liệu pháp bức xạ định vị để giải quyết các khối lượng nhỏ của bệnh rõ ràng, chẳng hạn như bệnh di căn oligometastases, và cuối cùng là việc sử dụng liệu pháp bức xạ trong thời đại miễn dịch liệu pháp. Liệu pháp bức xạ thường được sử dụng để điều trị các vùng hạch nghi ngờ có chứa bệnh vi mô. Gần đây, các đổi mới về công nghệ và máy tính đã cho phép các bác sĩ xạ trị điều trị các khối lượng nhỏ của bệnh rõ ràng trong não và cũng trong cơ thể với nhiều thành công, bổ sung vào kho vũ khí điều trị ung thư. Phương pháp điều trị ung thư này bắt đầu ngay sau khi phát hiện ra tia X bởi William Roentgen vẫn tiếp tục phát triển và tìm kiếm các ứng dụng lâm sàng mới nhằm giảm thiểu độc tính đồng thời tăng cường hiệu quả. Những tương tác mới được phát hiện giữa bức xạ liều cao/tỉ lệ (phẫu thuật xạ trị định vị) với các chất ức chế điểm kiểm soát miễn dịch trong ung thư hắc tố là ví dụ mới nhất về cách mà sự cộng sinh có thể đạt được giữa hai phương pháp khác nhau, từ đó làm tăng tỷ lệ điều trị để kiểm soát ung thư di căn.

Từ khóa

#liệu pháp bức xạ #ung thư di căn #vi di căn #phẫu thuật xạ trị định vị #ức chế điểm kiểm soát miễn dịch

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