Hakim S, Adams RD. The special clinical problem of symptomatic hydrocephalus with normal cerebrospinal fluid pressure. Observations on cerebrospinal fluid hydrodynamics. J Neurol Sci. 1965;2:307–27.
Relkin N, Marmarou A, Klinge P, Bergsneider M, Black PM. Diagnosing idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus. Neurosurgery. 2005;57(Suppl 3):S4–16.
Cage TA, Auguste KI, Wrensch M, Wu YW, Gupta N. Self-reported functional outcome after surgical intervention in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. J Clin Neurosci. 2011;18:649–54.
Eide PK, Sorteberg W. Diagnostic intracranial pressure monitoring and surgical management in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: a 6-year review of 214 patients. Neurosurgery. 2010;66:80–91.
Hashimoto M, Ishikawa M, Mori E, Kuwana N. Diagnosis of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus is supported by MRI-based scheme: a prospective cohort study. Cerebrospinal Fluid Res. 2010;7:18.
Klinge P, Hellström P, Tans J, Wikkelsø C, on behalf of the European iNPH Multicentre Study Group. One-year outcome in the European multicenter study on iNPH. Acta Neurol Scand. 2012;126:145–53.
Lemcke J, Meier U. Improved outcome in shunted iNPH with a combination of a Codman Hakim programmable valve and an Aesculap-Miethke Shunt Assistant. Cent Eur Neurosurg. 2010;71:113–6.
Katzman R, Hussey F. A simple constant-infusion manometric test for measurement of CSF absorption I. rationale and method. Neurology. 1970;20:534–44.
Eklund A, Smielewski P, Chambers I, et al. Assessment of cerebrospinal fluid outflow resistance. Med Biol Eng Comput. 2007;45:719–35.
Tans JT, Poortvliet DC. CSF outflow resistance and pressure-volume index determined by steady-state and bolus infusions. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 1985;87:159–65.
Wikkelsø C, Hellström P, Klinge P, Tans J, on behalf of the European iNPH Multicentre Study Group. The European iNPH Multicentre Study on the predictive values of resistance to CSF outflow and the CSF Tap Test in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2013;84(5):562–8.
Marmarou A, Bergsneider M, Klinge P, Relkin N, Black PM. The value of supplemental prognostic tests for the preoperative assessment of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. Neurosurgery. 2005;57(3 Suppl):S17–28.
Owler BK, Pickard JD. Normal pressure hydrocephalus and cerebral blood flow: a review. Acta Neurol Scand. 2001;104:325–42.
Owler BK, Momjian S, Czosnyka Z, et al. Normal pressure hydrocephalus and cerebral blood flow: a PET study of baseline values. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2004;24:17–23.
Owler BK, Pena A, Momjian S, et al. Changes in cerebral blood flow during cerebrospinal fluid pressure manipulation in patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus: a methodological study. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2004;24:579–87.
Momjian S, Owler BK, Czosnyka Z, Czosnyka M, Pena A, Pickard JD. Pattern of white matter regional cerebral blood flow and autoregulation in normal pressure hydrocephalus. Brain. 2004;127:965–72.
Klinge PM, Samii A, Muhlendyck A, et al. Cerebral hypoperfusion and delayed hippocampal response after induction of adult kaolin hydrocephalus. Stroke. 2003;34:193–9.
Luciano MG, Skarupa DJ, Booth AM, Wood AS, Brant CL, Gdowski MJ. Cerebrovascular adaptation in chronic hydrocephalus. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2001;21:285–94.
Calamante F. Perfusion MRI using dynamic-susceptibility contrast MRI: quantification issues in patient studies. Top Magn Reson Imaging. 2010;21(2):75–85.
Ziegelitz D, Starck G, Kristiansen D, et al. Cerebral perfusion measured by dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI is reduced in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2014;39(6):1533–42.
Aygok G, Marmarou A, Fatouros P, Young H. Brain tissue water content in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. Acta Neurochir Suppl. 2006;96:348–51.
Demura K, Mase M, Miyati T, et al. Changes of fractional anisotropy and apparent diffusion coefficient in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. Acta Neurochir Suppl. 2012;113:29–32.
Ng SE, Low AM, Tang KK, Lim WE, Kwok RK. Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: correlating magnetic resonance imaging biomarkers with clinical response. Ann Acad Med Singap. 2009;38(9):803–8.
Corkill RG, Garnett MR, Blamire AM, Rajagopalan B, Cadoux-Hudson TA, Styles P. Multi-modal MRI in normal pressure hydrocephalus identifies pre-operative haemodynamic and diffusion coefficient changes in normal appearing white matter correlating with surgical outcome. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2003;105(3):193–202.
Shevtsov MA, Senkevich KA, Kim AV, et al. Changes of fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in the model of experimental acute hydrocephalus in rabbits. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2015;157(4):689–98.
Chu BC, Miyasaka K. The clinical application of diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging to acute cerebrovascular disorders. No To Shinkei. 1998;50(9):787–95.
Hellstrom P, Klinge P, Tans J, Wikkelso C. A new scale for assessment of severity and outcome in iNPH. Acta Neurol Scand. 2012;126:229–37.
Boon AJ, Tans JT, Delwel EJ, et al. Dutch normal-pressure hydrocephalus study: prediction of outcome after shunting by resistance to outflow of cerebrospinal fluid. J Neurosurg. 1997;87(5):687–93.
Børgesen SE, Albeck MJ, Gjerris F, Czosnyka M, Laniewski P. Computerized infusion test compared to steady pressure constant infusion test in measurement of resistance to CSF outflow. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 1992;119(1–4):12–6.
Meyer JS, Kitagawa Y, Tanahashi N, et al. Pathogenesis of normal-pressure hydrocephalus—preliminary observations. Surg Neurol. 1985;23:121–33.
Vorstrup S, Christensen J, Gjerris F, Sorensen PS, Thomsen AM, Paulson OB. Cerebral blood flow in patients with normal-pressure hydrocephalus before and after shunting. J Neurosurg. 1987;66:379–87.
Ziegelitz D, Arvidsson J, Hellström P, Tullberg M, Wikkelsø C, Starck G. In patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus postoperative cerebral perfusion changes measured by dynamic susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance imaging correlate with clinical improvement. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2015;39:531–40.
Mascalchi M, Filippi M, Floris R, Fonda C, Gasparotti R, Villari N. Diffusion-weighted MR of the brain: methodology and clinical application. Radiol Med. 2005;109(3):155–97.