Vai trò của quyền sử dụng đất trong quá trình chuyển đổi sinh kế từ đánh bắt cá sang du lịch
Tóm tắt
Du lịch ven biển đã được hỗ trợ bởi sự phát triển của các thị trường du lịch tầng lớp trung lưu, được chính phủ thúc đẩy với cái nhìn coi đó là một con đường quan trọng cho sự tăng trưởng kinh tế và được các tổ chức môi trường ủng hộ khi coi đây là một sinh kế bền vững hơn về môi trường so với đánh bắt cá. Cách mà các nhà hoạch định chính sách và các hộ gia đình ở các khu vực ven biển điều tiết những thách thức và cơ hội liên quan đến sự gia tăng du lịch và sự suy giảm đánh bắt cá đang ngày càng trở nên quan trọng. Dựa trên nghiên cứu thực địa dài hạn tại Philippines từ năm 2006 đến 2018, bài báo này xem xét quá trình chuyển đổi từ nghề cá sang du lịch và những hậu quả cho một cộng đồng ven biển. Tôi tập trung vào quyền sử dụng đất như một biến số chính hình thành nên các tác động và cơ hội liên quan đến các chuyển đổi sinh kế từ nghề cá sang du lịch. Trong khi du lịch không hẳn là tích cực hay tiêu cực, khả năng của các hộ gia đình địa phương trong việc điều tiết cơn sốt và thu được đầy đủ lợi ích từ đó là điều cần đặt dấu hỏi. Nhiều ngư dân đã chuyển đổi hoạt động sinh kế chính sang du lịch, bao gồm việc xây dựng thuyền du lịch, làm hướng dẫn viên du lịch hoặc cung cấp nơi ở. Tuy nhiên, sự phát triển của du lịch đã thúc đẩy một số nỗ lực để trục xuất cộng đồng, bao gồm từ các tầng lớp tinh hoa địa phương nhằm phát triển khu nghỉ dưỡng ven biển và một chiến dịch gần đây của chính quyền quốc gia để 'dọn dẹp' các khu du lịch trên toàn quốc. Tôi lập luận rằng quyền sử dụng đất trong các cộng đồng ven biển cần được nghiên cứu nhiều hơn đối với những nghiên cứu về nghề cá quy mô nhỏ, cũng như đối với các nghiên cứu về quyền đất đai.
Từ khóa
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