The role of groundwater flow in controlling the spatial distribution of soil salinity and rooted macrophytes in a southeastern salt marsh, USA
Tóm tắt
Groundwater flow is an important factor in governing botanical zonation in the salt marsh at North Inlet, SC. Areas of the marsh adjacent to upland forest are characterized by upward flow of fresh groundwater. This inhibits the infiltration and evapoconcentration of saline tidal water and the development of a habitat for hypersaline-tolerant fugitive species such as Salicornia europaea. Areas of high marsh that are not adjacent to extensive upland forest are characterized by downward gradients in hydraulic head. This allows the infiltration and evapoconcentration of tidal water and the development of hypersaline conditions that are suitable for salt-tolerant fugitives.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Bertness, M.D. 1992. The ecology of a New England salt marsh. American Scientist 80: 260–268.
Bertness, M.D. 1988. Peat accumulations and the success of marsh plants. Ecology 69: 703–713.
Bertness, M.D. and Callaway, R.M. 1994. Positive interactions in communities: a post cold war perspective. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 9: 191–193.
Bertness, M.D. and Hacker, S.D. 1994. Physical stress and positive associations among marsh plants. The American Naturalist 144: 363–372.
Bertness, M.D. and Shumway, S.W. 1993. Competition and facilitation in marsh plants. The American Naturalist 142: 718–724.
Bertness, M.D., Gough, L. and Shumway, S.W. 1992a. Salt tolerance and the distribution of fugitive salt marsh plants. Ecology 73: 1842–1851.
Bertness, M.D., Wikler, K. and Chatkupt, T. 1992b. Water table dynamics and the distribution of high marsh plants. Oecologia 91: 171–178.
Gardner, L.R., Smith, R.B. and Michener, W.K. 1992. Soil evolution along a forest-marsh transect under a regime of slowly rising sea level, southeastern United States. Geoderma 55: 141–157.
Hartman, J., Caswell, H. and Valiela, I. 1983. Effects of wrack accumulation on salt marsh vegetation. In Proceedings of the Seventh European Marine Biology Symposium, Oceanologica Acta, Special Issue, pp. 99–102, Brest, France.
Keenan, R.S. 1994. An investigation of the dynamics of groundwater flow and salinity distribution along a forest-salt marsh transect. M.S.Thesis, Dept. of Geological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, S.C., 238 pp.
Keenan, R., Dickerson, J., Gardner, L.R. and Reeves, H. 1996. Inexpensive electronic water level recorders for hydrologic studies. Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation (Spring), pp. 77–83.
Kjerfve, B, Greer, J.E. and Crout, L.R. 1978. Low frequency response of estuarine sea level to non local forcing. pp. 497–513. In: Wiley, M.L. (ed.), Estuarine Interactions. Academic Press, New York.
Pennings, S.C. and Callaway, R.M. 1992. Salt marsh plant zonation: the relative importance of competition and physical factors. Ecology 73: 681–690.
Pethick, J.S. 1974. The distribution of salt pans on tidal salt marshes. Journal of Biogeography 7: 57–62.
Powell, W.E. 1985. Groundwater flow patterns beneath a forest-high marsh transect at North Inlet, South Carolina. M.S. Thesis, Dept. of Geological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, S.C., 216 pp.
Reidenbaugh, T.G. and Banta, W.C. 1980. Origin and effects of tidal wrack in a Virginia salt marsh. Gulf Research Reports 6: 393–401.
Shumway, S.W. and Bertness, M.D. 1994. Patch size effects onmarsh plant secondary succession mechanisms. Ecology 75: 564–568.
Thibodeau, P.M. 1997. Groundwater dynamics across the forest-marsh interface, North Inlet, USA. Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Geological Sciences, University of South Carolina.