The role of gamma interferon in innate immunity in the zebrafish embryo

DMM Disease Models and Mechanisms - Tập 2 Số 11-12 - Trang 571-581 - 2009
Dirk Sieger1,2, Cornelia Stein1, David Neifer1, Astrid M. van der Sar3, Maria Leptin1
1Institute of Genetics, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Strasse 47, 50674 Cologne, Germany
2Present adress: EMBL, Heidelberg, Meyerhofstr.1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
3VU University Medical Center, van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Tóm tắt

SUMMARYThe zebrafish genome contains ten genes that encode class II cytokine-like peptides, of which the two that are related most closely to mammalian interferon gamma (IFN-γ) were named IFN-γ1 and IFN-γ2. Although the zebrafish has become a popular model system to study immune mechanisms, and although interferons are central regulators of immunity, which zebrafish cytokines correspond functionally to mammalian IFN-γ has not been established. We used zebrafish embryos to assay the functions of IFN-γ1 and IFN-γ2, and have identified a subset of zebrafish homologs of the mammalian IFN-responsive genes as IFN-γ targets in the zebrafish embryo: these genes are upregulated in response to raised levels of either IFN-γ1 or IFN-γ2. Infection studies using two different pathogens show that IFN-γ signalling is required for resistance against bacterial infections in the young embryo and that the levels of IFN-γ need to be regulated tightly: raising IFN-γ levels sensitizes fish embryos against bacterial infection. Embryos injected with high doses of Escherichia coli are able to clear the bacteria within a day, and the γ-interferons are necessary for this defence reaction. The protective response to Yersinia ruckeri, a natural fish pathogen that is lethal at low doses, also requires IFN-γ. As in the induction of target genes, the two interferons act at least partly redundantly. Together with the previously demonstrated type III interferon response, these results show that the counterparts of the mammalian viral and bacterial interferon-dependent defence functions are in place in zebrafish embryos, and suggest that zebrafish IFN-γ1 and IFN-γ2 are functionally equivalent to mammalian IFN-γ.

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DMM Disease Models and Mechanisms

Tập 2 Số 11-12

571-581

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