The role of factor analysis in the development and evaluation of personality scales

Journal of Personality - Tập 54 Số 1 - Trang 106-148 - 1986
Stephen Briggs1, Julianne Cheek2
1Univ. of Tulsa,
2Wellesley college

Tóm tắt

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to examine the usefulness of factor analysis in developing and evaluating personality scales that measure limited domain constructs The approach advocated follows from several assumptions that a single scale ought to measure a single construct, that factor analysis ought to be applied routinely to new personality scales, and that the factors of a scale are important if it can be demonstrated that they are differentially related to other measures A detailed study of the Self‐Monitoring Scale illustrates how factor analysis can help us to understand what a scale measures A second example uses the self‐esteem literature to illustrate how factor analysis can clarify the proliferation of scales within a single content domain Both examples show how factor analysis can be used to identify important conceptual distinctions Confirmatory techniques are also introduced as a means for testing specific hypotheses It is concluded that factor analysis can make an important contribution to programmatic research in personality psychology

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

10.1037/0022-3514.42.3.426

10.1016/B978-0-12-685180-9.50020-8

10.1037/0022-3514.35.6.365

Bentler P M, 1980, Annual Review in Psychology, 419

10.1037/0033-2909.88.3.588

10.1037/h0061311

10.1037/0022-3514.45.1.43

10.1037/0022-3514.38.4.679

10.2466/pr0.1982.50.2.621

Caldwell D F, 1982, Boundary spanning and individual performance The impact of self‐monitoring, Journal of Applied Psychology, 67, 124, 10.1037/0021-9010.67.1.124

10.1037/h0046016

Cattell R B, 1946, Description and measurement of personality

10.1207/s15327906mbr0102_10

10.1080/03637758209376087

10.1037/0022-3514.43.6.1254

10.1016/0092-6566(82)90001-0

10.1207/s15327906mbr1801_7

10.1037/h0036015

10.1111/j.1467-6494.1973.tb00107.x

10.1037/0022-006X.46.4.648

Coopersmith S, 1967, Antecedents of self‐esteem

Crandall R, 1973, Measures of social psychological attitudes, 45

10.1037/h0043943

10.1037/h0040957

10.1111/j.1467-6494.1977.tb00172.x

10.1037/0022-3514.39.2.278

Digman J M, Further specification of the five robust factors of personality, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

10.1207/s15327906mbr1602_2

10.1016/0191-8869(85)90112-6

10.1207/s15327906mbr1802_5

Eysenck H J, 1983, Biological bases of sensation seeking, impulsivity, and anxiety

Eysenck H J, 1969, Personality structure and measurement

10.1037/h0076760

Fiske D W, 1971, Measuring the concepts of personality

10.1037/0022-3514.46.2.404

10.1037/0022-3514.39.5.921

10.2307/3033498

10.1037/0022-3514.39.2.333

10.1016/0191-8869(83)90017-X

10.1177/014616728061002

Gangestad S, 1985, To carve nature at its joints On the existence of discrete classes in personality, Psychological Review, 93, 65

Goldberg L R, 1981, Personality and Social Psychology Review, 141

Goffman E, 1967, Interaction ritual

Gorsuch R L, 1983, Factor analysis

10.1037/h0022397

10.1007/978-3-642-67783-0_8

10.1037/0022-3514.37.7.1221

10.2224/sbp.1982.10.2.241

10.1177/001316447703700403

Guilford J P, 1954, Psychometric Methods

10.1207/s15327906mbr1702_3

Harman H H, 1960, Modern factor analysis

10.2307/1129640

10.1207/s15327906mbr1901_3

10.1177/0049124183011003003

Hogan R, 1983, Nebraska Symposium on Motivation 1982

Hogan R, 1986, Manual for the Hogan Personality Inventory

Holland J L, 1980, My vocational situation Description of an experimental diagnostic form for the selection of vocational assistance

Horst P, 1966, Psychological measurement and prediction

Howarth E, 1972, Factor analysis has only just begun to fight A reply to Lykken, Journal of Experimental Research in Personality, 6, 268

10.1207/s15327752jpa4002_9

10.1207/s15327906mbr1003_1

10.1037/0022-3514.37.12.2278

10.1037/0022-3514.45.6.1299

Johnson M A Jewell L R &Tirrell L(1984)Self‐monitoring A comparison of Snyder and Lennox and Wolfe scalesPaper presented at the 92nd annual meeting of the American Psychological Association Toronto Canada .

Jöreskog K G, 1979, Advances in factor analysis and structural equation models

Joreskog K G, 1984, LISREL VI Analysis of linear structural relationships by maximum likelihood, instrumental variables, and least squares methods

Kenny D A, 1979, Correlation and causality

Kenny D A, 1984, Historical social psychology

Kim J, 1978, Introduction to factor analysis What it is and how to do it

Kim J, 1978, Factor analysis Statistical methods and practical issues

Lanyon R I, 1982, Personality assessment

Leary M R., 1982, The multidimensionality of self‐monitoring, Representative Research in Social Psychology, 2, 33

10.1037/0022-3514.46.6.1349

10.4135/9781412983778

Lykken D T, 1971, Multiple factor analysis and personality research, Journal of Experimental Research in Personality, 5, 161

Maddi S R, 1984, Personality and the prediction of behavior, 7

Mamrus L M O'Connor C &Cheek J M(1983 April)Vocational certainty as a dimension of self‐esteem in college womenPaper presented at the 54th Annual meeting of the Eastern Psychological Association Philadelphia.

10.1111/j.1745-3984.1983.tb00202.x

10.1037/0022-3514.45.1.173

10.1037/0022-0663.74.3.430

10.1080/00049538408255318

Marx R W, 1980, Self‐concept research Some current complexities, Measurement and Evaluation, 13, 72, 10.1080/00256307.1980.12022220

McCrae R R, Updating Norman's “Adequate Taxonomy” Intelligence and personality dimensions in natural language and in questionnaires, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

10.1111/j.2044-8317.1981.tb00621.x

McDonald R P, 1979, Determinacy of common factors A nontechnical review, Psychological Bulletin, 66, 119

10.1037/h0060985

Meehl P E, 1971, Recaptured‐item technique (RIT) A method for reducing somewhat the subjective element in factor naming, Journal of Experimental Research in Personality, 5, 171

Miell D, Self‐monitoring and control in dyadic interactions, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

10.1111/j.1467-6494.1984.tb00358.x

Mulaik S A, 1975, Introductory multivariate analysis

Nunnally J C, 1978, Psychometric theory

Paulhus D L, 1983, Sphere‐specific measures of perceived control, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44, 1253, 10.1037/0022-3514.44.6.1253

10.1037/0022-3514.46.3.598

Penner L A, 1983, The moderator variable approach to behavioral predictability Some of the variables some of the time, Journal of Research in Personality, 39, 514

10.1177/0146167284104001

Petersen A C, 1984, A self‐image questionnaire for young adolescents (SIQYA) Reliability and validity studies, Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 13, 93, 10.1007/BF02089104

10.1037/h0054271

Phinney C(1984 August)Self and spouse evaluations Perspectives of intimate observersPaper presented at the 92nd annual meeting of the American Psychological Association Toronto Canada.

Phinney C, 1982, The California Self‐Evaluation Scales

10.1111/j.1467-6494.1983.tb00875.x

10.1007/BF01001776

10.1037/0022-3514.45.4.899

10.1111/j.1559-1816.2002.tb02765.x

Rosenberg M, 1979, Conceiving the self

Royce J R, 1983, Theory of personality and individual differences Factors, systems, and processes

10.1037/0022-3514.42.4.690

10.1207/s15327906mbr1204_3

10.1037/0022-3514.39.1.158

10.1037/0022-0663.74.1.3

10.3102/00346543046003407

10.1037/0022-3514.45.6.1325

Snyder M(1972) Individual differences and the self‐control of expressive behavior (Doctoral dissertation Stanford University 1972) Dissertation Abstracts International 33 4533A–4534A.

10.1037/h0037039

Snyder M, 1979, Advances in experimental social psychology, 86

Snyder M, 1982, Psychological perspectives on the self, 185

10.1037/0022-3514.43.1.123

10.1037/0022-3514.32.4.637

10.1111/j.1467-6494.1976.tb00135.x

Sobel M E, 1985, Sociological Methodology, 152

Song I &Hattie J(1984)The dimensionality of self‐conceptUnpublished manuscript Centre for Behavioural Studies University of New England Armidale New South Wales Australia.

10.2466/pr0.1981.48.1.83

10.1037/0022-3514.44.2.365

10.2307/1412107

Spitzberg B H, 1984, Interpersonal communication competence

10.1007/BF00291753

10.1037/h0058069

10.1177/014616728174024

10.1111/j.1467-6494.1980.tb00829.x

10.1016/0092-6566(79)90037-0

10.1207/s15327906mbr1703_5

Walsh E J, 1982, Occupational correlates of multidimensional self‐esteem, Sociology and Social Research, 66, 252

10.1207/s15327752jpa4202_10

10.1080/00049538108254697

10.2307/270754

10.1037/0022-3514.37.3.395

Wiggins J S, 1980, Review of personality and social psychology, 265

Wiggins J S, 1985, Perspectives on personality, 1

Wolfe R N, Getting along and getting ahead Empirical support for a theory of protective and acquisitive self‐presentation, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

Wylie R C, 1974, The self‐concept A review of methodological considerations and measuring instruments

Wymer W E, Moderator variables and different types of predictability Do you have a match, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

10.1037/0022-3514.38.3.432

10.1207/s15327906mbr1702_5