The national Fire and Fire Surrogate study: effects of fuel reduction methods on forest vegetation structure and fuels

Ecological Applications - Tập 19 Số 2 - Trang 285-304 - 2009
Dylan W. Schwilk1, Jon E. Keeley, Eric E. Knapp, James D. McIver, John D. Bailey, Christopher J. Fettig, Carl E. Fiedler, Richy J. Harrod, Jason J. Moghaddas, Kenneth W. Outcalt, Carl N. Skinner, Scott L. Stephens, Thomas A. Waldrop, Daniel A. Yaussy, Andrew Youngblood
1U.S. Geological Survey, Sequoia and Kings Canyon Field Station, 47050 Generals Highway #4, Three Rivers, California 93271, USA. [email protected]

Tóm tắt

Changes in vegetation and fuels were evaluated from measurements taken before and after fuel reduction treatments (prescribed fire, mechanical treatments, and the combination of the two) at 12 Fire and Fire Surrogate (FFS) sites located in forests with a surface fire regime across the conterminous United States. To test the relative effectiveness of fuel reduction treatments and their effect on ecological parameters we used an information‐theoretic approach on a suite of 12 variables representing the overstory (basal area and live tree, sapling, and snag density), the understory (seedling density, shrub cover, and native and alien herbaceous species richness), and the most relevant fuel parameters for wildfire damage (height to live crown, total fuel bed mass, forest floor mass, and woody fuel mass).In the short term (one year after treatment), mechanical treatments were more effective at reducing overstory tree density and basal area and at increasing quadratic mean tree diameter. Prescribed fire treatments were more effective at creating snags, killing seedlings, elevating height to live crown, and reducing surface woody fuels. Overall, the response to fuel reduction treatments of the ecological variables presented in this paper was generally maximized by the combined mechanical plus burning treatment. If the management goal is to quickly produce stands with fewer and larger diameter trees, less surface fuel mass, and greater herbaceous species richness, the combined treatment gave the most desirable results. However, because mechanical plus burning treatments also favored alien species invasion at some sites, monitoring and control need to be part of the prescription when using this treatment.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Agee J. K., 1993, Fire ecology of Pacific Northwest forests

10.4996/fireecology.0202003

10.1016/j.foreco.2005.01.034

10.1016/0378-1127(76)90030-X

Arno S. F., 1991, Overcoming the paradox in managing wildland fire., Western Wildlands, 17, 40

Arno S. F., 1997, Old growth ponderosa pine and western larch stand structures: Influences of pre-1900 fires and fire exclusion. Technical Report 324

Barden L. S., 1979, Serotiny and seed viability on Pinus pungens in the Southern Appalachians., Castanea, 44, 44

Berry A. H., 2004, The effect of the wildland–urban interface on prescribed burning costs in the Pacific Northwestern United States., Journal of Forestry, 102, 33

Biswell H., 1973, Fire ecology in ponderosa pine grassland., Proceedings of the Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference, 12, 69

Boyle J. F., 2002, Short-term response of bark beetles to fuel reduction treatments in the Upper Piedmont

10.1016/S0378-1127(96)03939-4

10.1007/978-0-387-30687-2_4

Brockway D. G., 2005, Restoration of boreal and temperate forests, 501

10.1139/x97-218

Brown J. K., 1974, Handbook for inventorying downed woody material

Burnham K., 2002, Model selection and multi-model inference: a practical information-theoretic approach

Burns R. M., 1990, Silvics of North America. Volume 1, conifers. Agriculture Handbook 654

10.1016/j.foreco.2006.11.013

10.1126/science.199.4335.1302

10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1711:SMRTTA]2.0.CO;2

10.2307/1948549

Covington W. W., 1994, Southwestern ponderosa forest structure: changes since Euro-American settlement., Journal of Forestry, 92, 39

10.1674/0003-0031(1998)140[0078:HCIVAD]2.0.CO;2

10.1023/B:LAND.0000030762.86156.5d

10.1111/j.1365-2664.2006.01206.x

Farris K. L., 2005, Proceedings of the symposium on ponderosa pine: issues, trends, and management. General Technical Report PSW-GTR-198, 183

10.1016/j.foreco.2006.10.011

Fowells H., 1965, Number 271 in USDA Forest Service Handbook. Government

10.1007/978-0-387-30687-2_2

10.2307/2963498

10.1016/S0378-1127(98)00373-9

Harrod R. J., 2007, The fire environment: innovations, management, and policy; conference proceedings, 26–30 March 2007, Destin, Florida. Proceedings RMRS-P-46CD, 327

10.1016/S0378-1127(03)00052-5

10.1079/9780851995700.0000

10.1111/j.1654-1103.2005.tb02362.x

10.1890/02-5002

10.1071/WF06052

Keeley J. E., 2000, Wilderness science in a time of change conference: wilderness ecosystems, threats, and management; May 23–27, 1999, Missoula Montana. Proceedings RMRS-P-15, 255

10.1017/CBO9780511815133.014

10.4996/fireecology.0201053

10.2980/1195-6860(2006)13[44:SASOPB]2.0.CO;2

10.1016/0033-5894(73)90010-0

10.1016/j.foreco.2005.01.016

10.1139/x06-200

10.1139/x06-183

Leopold S. A., 1963, Wildlife management in the national parks., American Forestry, 69, 32

Liu Y., 2005, EastFIRE Conference Proceedings, 1

10.1071/WF02054

10.1890/07-1785.1

10.1139/a01-010

10.1016/j.foreco.2005.10.037

10.1890/1051-0761(2000)010[0085:MTEOFM]2.0.CO;2

10.1093/forestry/76.2.253

10.1016/j.foreco.2007.05.011

10.1016/j.foreco.2007.11.009

Mutch L. S., 1998, Mixed conifer forest mortality and establishment before and after prescribed fire in Sequoia National Park, California., Forest Science, 44, 341

10.1139/b01-080

Oliver C. D., 1996, Forest stand dynamics

Outcalt K. W., 2005, Proceedings of the 5th Longleaf Alliance Regional Conference, October 12–15, 2004, Hattiesburg, Mississippi. Longleaf Alliance Report No. 8, 97

Outcalt K. W., 2004, Proceedings of the 12th biennial southern silvicultural research conference. General Technical Report SRS-7, 30

Parker A., 1984, A comparison of structural properties and compositional trends in conifer forests of Yosemite and Glacier National Parks., Northwest Science, 58, 131

10.1111/j.1461-9563.2006.00305.x

10.1016/0378-1127(79)90034-3

10.1016/j.foreco.2007.09.037

10.2307/2484227

Pyne S., 1982, Fire in America

R Development Core Team., 2005, R: A language and environment for statistical computing

Riegel G. M., 1995, The effects of aboveground and belowground competition on understory species composition in a Pinus ponderosa forest., Forest Science, 41, 864

Ritchie M. W., 2005, General Technical Report PSW-GTR-192

10.1016/j.foreco.2007.04.044

10.1139/x88-199

10.4996/fireecology.0202020

Schwarz G. F., 1907, The longleaf pine in virgin forest. A silvical study

10.1016/j.foreco.2006.05.036

10.1007/BF00129256

Skinner C. N., 2005, Proceedings of the symposium on ponderosa pine: issues, trends, and management, 245

Skinner C. N., 1996, Sierra Nevada Ecosystem Project: Final Report to Congress, 1041

Stark N., 1965, Natural regeneration of Sierra Nevada mixed conifers after logging., Journal of Forestry, 63, 456

Stephens S. L., 2000, Mixed conifer and upper montane forest structure and uses in 1899 from the central and northern Sierra Nevada, California., Madroño, 47, 43

10.1016/S0378-1127(01)00521-7

10.1016/j.foreco.2005.03.070

10.1016/j.foreco.2005.03.055

10.1890/07-1755.1

Stephenson N. L., 1991, High intensity fire in wildlands: management challenges and options, 321

10.1046/j.1365-2699.2000.00353.x

10.1890/02-5257

Van Lear C., 1989, History, use and effects of fire in the Appalachians. General Technical Report SE-GTR-54, 10.2737/SE-GTR-54

10.1016/j.foreco.2007.11.010

Ware S., 1993, Biodiversity of the southeastern United States: lowland terrestrial communities, 447

10.1016/j.foreco.2006.11.011

Weatherspoon C. P., 2000, Proceedings of the Joint Fire Science Conference and Workshop. Crossing the millennium: integrating spatial technologies and ecological principles for a new age in fire management, 117

10.1016/j.foreco.2004.05.056

10.1016/j.foreco.2006.06.033

Youngblood A., 2005, Balancing ecosystem values. General Technical Report PNW-GTR-635, 315

Thông tin
Thông tin xuất bản

Ecological Applications

Tập 19 Số 2

285-304

Thông tin tác giả