Chất protein NS1 đa chức năng của virus cúm A
Tóm tắt
Protein không cấu trúc (NS1) của virus cúm A là một yếu tố gây virulence không thiết yếu, có nhiều chức năng phụ trong quá trình nhiễm virus. Trong những năm gần đây, vai trò chính của NS1 được cho là ức chế các phản ứng miễn dịch của vật chủ, đặc biệt là hạn chế cả sản xuất interferon (IFN) và hiệu ứng kháng virus của các protein được gây ra bởi IFN, như protein kinase R (PKR) phụ thuộc vào dsRNA và synthetase oligoadenylate 2'5'/RNase L. Tuy nhiên, rõ ràng NS1 cũng hoạt động trực tiếp để điều tiết những khía cạnh quan trọng khác của chu trình nhân rộng virus, bao gồm nhân bản RNA virus, tổng hợp protein virus và sinh lý học tế bào vật chủ chung. Trong bài viết này, chúng tôi tổng hợp tài liệu hiện có về protein virus đa chức năng này. Phần đầu của bài viết, chúng tôi tóm tắt hóa sinh cơ bản của NS1, đặc biệt là tổng hợp, cấu trúc và vị trí tế bào của nó. Sau đó, chúng tôi thảo luận về các vai trò khác nhau mà NS1 có trong việc điều tiết các cơ chế nhân bản virus, các phản ứng miễn dịch bẩm sinh/thích ứng của vật chủ và các con đường tín hiệu tế bào. Chúng tôi tập trung vào các tương tác NS1–RNA và NS1–protein rất quan trọng cho những quy trình này, và làm nổi bật những cách dường như đặc trưng theo chủng mà các protein NS1 khác nhau có thể hoạt động. Về vấn đề này, sự đóng góp của một số chức năng NS1 vào khả năng gây bệnh của virus cúm A ở người và động vật cũng được thảo luận. Cuối cùng, chúng tôi vạch ra các ứng dụng thực tiễn mà các nghiên cứu trong tương lai về NS1 có thể dẫn đến, bao gồm thiết kế và sản xuất vaccine cúm hợp lý, phát triển thuốc chống virus mới và việc sử dụng virus cúm A tiêu diệt khối u như là các tác nhân tiềm năng chống ung thư.
Từ khóa
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