The locomotor anatomy of Australopithecus afarensis
Tóm tắt
The postcranial skeleton of
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Aahton EH, 1981, Further quantitative studies of form and function in the primate pelvis with special reference to AW tralopithecus., Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond., 36, l
Badoux DM, 1974, Primate Locomotion, 143
Bayer LM, 1959, Growth Diagnosis
Beck RJ, 1981, Changes in gait patterns of growing children., J. Bone Joint Surg. [Am.], 63, 1452, 10.2106/00004623-198163090-00012
Bojeen‐Møller F, 1979, Calcaneocuboid joint and stability of the longitudinal arch of the foot at high and low gear push off., J. Anat., 129, 165
Breathnach AS, 1966, Frazer's Anatomy of the Human Skeleton
Broom R andSchepers GWH(1946)The South African fossil ape‐men. The Australopithecinae. Transvaal Mus. Memoir No. 2 Pretoria.
Bush ME, 1990, The thumb of Australopithecua afarenais., Am. J. Phys. Anthmpol. (Abstr.), 52, 210
Campbell BG, 1966, Human Evolution. An Intrcduction to Man's Adaptations
Christie PW, 1977, Form and function of the Afar ankle., Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. (Abatr.), 47, 123
Ciochon RL, 1976, Shoulder joint of Sterkfontein Australopithecus., S. Afr. J. Sci., 72, 80
Le Gros Clark WE, 1967, Man‐apes or Ape‐men?
Day MH, 1973, Locomotor features of the lower limb in hominids., Symp. Zool. Soc., 33, 29
Day MH, 1976, Earliest Man and Environments in the Lake Rudolph Basin., 507
Day MH, 1978, Early Hominids of Africa., 311
DeRouaseau CJ Rawlins RG andDenlinger JL. Aging in the musculoskeletal system of rhesus monkeys: I. Passive joint excursion.Am. J. Phys. Anthrop.(in press).
Feldeaman MR, 1982, Morphometncs of the ulna of some Cenozoic “hominoids.”, Am. J. Phys. Anthpol. (Abstr.), 57, 187
Fick R(1895) Vergleichend anatomisehe Studien an einem erwachsenen Orang‐Utang.Arch. f. Anat. u. Entwicklungsgesch. Leipzig pp.1–100.
Halaczek B(1972)Die Langknochen der Hintarextremitat bei simischen Primaten. Eine vergleichend‐morphologische Untersuchung. Dissertation Anthropological Institute U. Zurich. Zurich: Juris Druck.
Inman VT, 1978, Du Vries' Surgery of the Foot, 3
Jenkins FA, 1981, Wrist rotation in primates: A critical adaptation for brachiatom In MH Day (ed.): Vertebrate Locomotion (Symp. Zool. Sco. Lond. No. 48), 429
Johnson DC, 1981, Lucy. The Beginnings of Humankind
Johanson DC, 1976, Functional implieations of the Afar knee joint., Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. (Abatr.), 44, 188
Johanson DC, 1978, A new species of the genus Australopithecus (Primates: Hominidae) from the Pliocene of eastern Africa, 1
Johanson DC, Pliocene hominids from the Hadar Formation, Ethiopia (1973–1977): Stratigraphic, chronologic, and paleoenvimnmental contexts, with notes on hominid morphology and syetematics., Am. J. Phys. Anthropol., 57, 373, 10.1002/ajpa.1330570402
Kaplan EB, 1965, Functional and Surgical Anatomy of the Hand
Klaatach H, 1913, Die Erwerbung der aufrechten Halten und ihre Folgen., Verh. Anat. Gesell., 27, 161
Krogman WM, 1972, Child Growth
Kummer B, 1965, Die Biomechanik der aufrechten Haltang., Mitt. Naturf. Gesell. [Bern], 22, 239
Langer C, 1879, Die Mwulatur der Extremitaten des Orang als Grundlage einer vergleichend‐myologischen Untersuchung., S. B. Akad Wiss. [Wien], Abt. 3, 79, 177
Leakey REF, 1981, The Making of Mankind, 69
Lewis OJ(1973) The hominoid os capitatum with special reference to the fossil bones from Sterkfontein and Olduvai George.J. Hum. Evol.21–11.
Lewis OJ, 1980, The joints of the evolving foot. Part III. The fossil evidence., J. Anat., 131, 276
Lovejoy CO, 1974, The gait of australopithecines., Yearbk. Phys. Anthropol., 17, 147
Lovejoy CO, 1978, Early Hominids of Africa, 403
Lovejoy CO, 1979, A reconstruction of the pelvis of AL 288 (Hadar Formation, Ethiopia)., Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. (Abatr.), 50, 460
McHenry HM, 1979, The evolution of hominid bipedalism: Evidence from the fossil record, Yearbk. Phys. Anthropol., 22, 105
Napier JR, 1964, The evolution of bipedal walking in the hominids., Arch. Biol. (Liege) (Suppl.), 75, 673
Oxnard CE, 1981, Convention and controversy in human evolution., Homo, 30, 226
Paul J, 1966, The biomechanics of the hip joint and its clinical relevance., Proc. Roy. Soc. Med., 59, 943
Premchoft H, 1961, Muskeln und Gelenke der Hinterextremitat des Gorillas., Morphol., 102, 432
Premchoft H, 1970, The Chimpanzee, 221
Preuachft H, 1973, Body posture and locomotion in some East African Miocene Dryopithecinae, Human Evolution. Sympos. Soc. Study Hum. Biol., 11, 13
Preusehoft H, 1978, Recent Advances in Primatology, Vol. 3. Evolution, 436
Reader J, 1981, The Hunt for Earliest Man. Boston
Reicher M, 1913, Beitrag zur Anthropologie des Calcaneu., Arch. Anthropol., 12, 108
Roberta D, 1974, Primate Lawmotion, 171
Robinson J T, 1972, Early Hominid Posture and homotion
Rodman PS(1973)Synecology of Bornean Primates. Ph.D. Thesis Harvard University: Cambridge MA.
Salenius P, 1975, The development of the tibiofemoral angle in children., J Bone Joint Surg., 57, 259, 10.2106/00004623-197557020-00021
Schaller GB, 1963, The Mountain Gorilla
Schumacher GH, 1966, Trockenewicht und physiologiwher Querschnitt der mendlichen Skeletb Muskulatur., I. Trockengewicht. Anat. Am., 118, 317
Stauffer RN, 1977, Force and motion analysis of the normal, diseased, and pros‐thetic ankle joint., Clin. Orthop. Rel. Res., 227, 189
Stern JT, 1971, Functional myology of the hip and thigh of cebid monkeys and its implications for the evolution of erect posture. Biblio. Primat., 1
Stern JT, 1981, Electromyography of the gluuteal muscles in Hylobates, Pongo and Pan: Implications for the evolution of hominid bipedality., Am. J. Phys., 55, 153
Stern JT, 1977, Eleetromyography of some muscles of the upper limb in Ateles and Lagothrix., Yearbk. Phys. Anthropol., 20, 498
Straus WL, 1963, Classification and Human Evolution, 146
Tardieu C(1979)Analyse morpho‐functionelle de l'articulation du genou chez les Primates. Application aux hominides foasiles. Thais Universite of Pierre et Mane Curie Paris.
Tuttle RH, 1970, The Chimpanzee, 167
Vangor AK(1977)Electromyography of gait in nonhuman primatee and its significance for the evolution of bipedality. Doctoral Dissertation Department of Anatomical Sciences S.U.N.Y. at Stony Brook Stony Brook NY.
Voss H, 1966, Tabelle der Muakelgewichte des Mannee, berechnet und zusammengestelt nach den Untersuchungen von W. Theile (1884), Anat. Am., 103, 366
Washburn SL, 1963, Behavior and human evolution. In SL Washbum (ed.): Classification and Human Evolution, 190
Weidenreich F, 1913, Uber das Huftbein und das Becken der Primaten und ihre Umformung durch den aufrechten Gang., Anat. Am., 44, 497
Weidenreich F, 1922, Der Mendenfuss., Z. Morphol. Anthmpol., 22, 51
White TD, 1981, Australopithecus africanus: Its phyletic position reconsidered., S. Afr. J. Sci., 77, 446
Wood BA, 1976, Earliest Man and Environments in the Lake Rudolph Basin, 490
Wood BA, 1978, Early Hominih of Africa, 347
Zihlman AL, 1978, Early Hominids of Africa., 361
Zihlman AL, 1979, Hominid bipedalism:, Then and now. Yearbk. Phys. Anthmpol., 22, 132