The gut microbiome and response to immune checkpoint inhibitors: preclinical and clinical strategies

Clinical and Translational Medicine - Tập 8 - Trang 1-14 - 2019
Jun Gong1, Alexander Chehrazi-Raffle2, Veronica Placencio-Hickok1, Michelle Guan1, Andrew Hendifar1, Ravi Salgia3
1Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA
2Department of Internal Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, USA
3Medical Oncology and Experimental Therapeutics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, USA

Tóm tắt

There is growing interest in identifying predictive biomarkers for inhibitors of programmed cell death protein 1 receptor (PD-1), programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTLA-4). Given the links between the stool microbiota, anticancer immunosurveillance, and general health, the composition of the gut microbiome has recently undergone investigation as a biomarker for immunotherapy. In this review, we highlight published results from preclinical and clinical studies to date supporting a relationship between the gut microbiome and antitumor efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Despite the promising and hypothesis-generating findings that have been produced in this arena to date, there remain some inconsistencies amongst present data that may need to be resolved to contribute to further development. Among these, a better understanding of the immunomodulatory function of the microbiome, standardization in sampling, sequencing techniques, and data analysis, and ensuring uniformity across various aspects of study design are warranted in conducting future prospective studies seeking to validate the gut microbiome as a potential biomarker of response to checkpoint blockade.

Tài liệu tham khảo

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