The freshman weight gain phenomenon revisited

Rosamond, 2008, Heart disease and stroke statistics - 2008 update: a report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics sSubcommittee, Circulation, 117, e25

Ogden, 2006, Prevalence of overweight and obesity in the United States, 1999-2004, JAMA, 295, 1549, 10.1001/jama.295.13.1549

Finklestein, 2003, National medical spending attributable to overweight and obesity: how much, and who's paying?, Health Affairs (Millwood), W3-219, 10.1377/hlthaff.W3.219

Lewis, 2000, Weight gain continues in the 1990s: 10-year trends in weight and overweight from the CARDIA study. Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults, Am J Epidemiol, 151, 1172, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a010167

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1997, Youth risk behavior surveillance: National College Health Risk Behavior Survey - United States, 1995, MMWR, 46, 1

American College Health Association, 2007, American College Health Association National College Health Assessment Spring 2006 Reference Group data report (abridged), J Am Coll Health, 55, 195, 10.3200/JACH.55.4.195-206

Mokdad, 1999, The spread of the obesity epidemic in the United States, 1991-1998, JAMA, 282, 1519, 10.1001/jama.282.16.1519

Burke, 1996, Differences in weight gain in relation to race, gender, age and education in young adults: the CARDIA Study. Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults, Ethn Health, 1, 327, 10.1080/13557858.1996.9961802

Brown, 2008, The information trail of the “Freshman 15”-a systematic review of a health myth within the research and popular literature, Health Info Libr J, 25, 1, 10.1111/j.1471-1842.2007.00762.x

Levitsky, 2004, The freshman weight gain: a model for the study of the epidemic of obesity, Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 28, 1435, 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802776

Hovell, 1985, Risk of excess weight gain in university women: a three-year community controlled analysis, Addict Behav, 10, 15, 10.1016/0306-4603(85)90049-8

Matvienko, 2001, A college nutrition science course as an intervention to prevent weight gain in female college freshmen, J Nutr Educ, 33, 95, 10.1016/S1499-4046(06)60172-3

Levitsky, 2006, Monitoring weight daily blocks the freshman weight gain: a model for combating the epidemic of obesity, Int J Obes, 30, 1003, 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803221

Jung, 2008, Behavior changes and the freshman 15: tracking physical activity and dietary patterns in first-year university women, J Am Coll Health, 56, 523, 10.3200/JACH.56.5.523-530

Mihalopoulos, 2008, The freshman 15: is it real?, J Am Coll Health, 56, 531, 10.3200/JACH.56.5.531-534

Kasparek, 2008, Selected health behaviors that influence college freshman weight change, J Am Coll Health, 56, 437, 10.3200/JACH.56.44.437-444

Butler, 2004, Change in diet, physical activity, and body weight in female college freshman, Am J Health Behav, 28, 24, 10.5993/AJHB.28.1.3

Delinsky, 2008, Weight gain, dietary restraint, and disordered eating in the freshman year of college, Eat Behav, 9, 82, 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2007.06.001

Economos, 2008, College freshman stress and weight change: differences by gender, Am J Health Behav, 32, 16, 10.5993/AJHB.32.1.2

Hoffman, 2006, Changes in body weight and fat mass of men and women in the first year of college: a study of the “freshman 15, J Am Coll Health, 55, 41, 10.3200/JACH.55.1.41-46

Lowe, 2006, Multiple types of dieting prospectively predict weight gain during the freshman year of college, Appetite, 47, 83, 10.1016/j.appet.2006.03.160

Morrow, 2006, Freshman 15: fact or fiction?, Obesity (Silver Spring), 14, 1438, 10.1038/oby.2006.163

Pliner, 2008, Vulnerability to freshman weight gain as a function of dietary restraint and residence, Physiol Behav, 93, 76, 10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.07.017

Anderson, 2003, The freshman year of college as a critical period for weight gain: an initial evaluation, Eat Behav, 4, 363, 10.1016/S1471-0153(03)00030-8

Graham, 2002, Freshman 15: valid theory or harmful myth?, J Am Coll Health, 50, 171, 10.1080/07448480209596023

Hull, 2007, Characterization of body weight and composition changes during the sophomore year of college, BMC Womens Health, 7, 21, 10.1186/1472-6874-7-21

Dyson, 2006, Freshmen adaptation to university life: depressive symptoms, stress, and coping, J Clin Psychol, 62, 1231, 10.1002/jclp.20295

Von Ah, 2004, Predictors of health behaviours in college students, J Adv Nurs, 48, 463, 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2004.03229.x

Sands, 1998, Prevention of health risk behaviors in college students: evaluating seven variables, J Coll Stu Dev, 39, 339

Bezjak, 1990, Relationship of self-efficacy and locus of control constructs in predicting college students' physical fitness behaviors, Percept Mot Skills, 71, 499, 10.2466/pms.1990.71.2.499

Drewnowski, 1987, Men and body image: are males satisfied with their body weight?, Psychosom Med, 49, 626, 10.1097/00006842-198711000-00008

Bellisle, 2003, Why should we study human food intake behaviour?, Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis, 13, 189, 10.1016/S0939-4753(03)80010-8

Provencher, 2004, Eating behaviours, dietary profile and body composition according to dieting history in men and women of the Quebec Family Study, Br J Nutr, 91, 997, 10.1079/BJN20041115

Westenhoefer, 1999, Validation of the flexible and rigid control dimensions of dietary restraint, Int J Eat Disord, 26, 53, 10.1002/(SICI)1098-108X(199907)26:1<53::AID-EAT7>3.0.CO;2-N

Smith, 1998, Association of dietary restraint and disinhibition with eating behavior, body mass, and hunger, Eat Weight Disord, 3, 7, 10.1007/BF03354907

Ozier, 2008, Overweight and obesity are associated with emotion- and stress-related eating as measured by the eating and appraisal due to emotions and stress questionnaire, J Am Diet Assoc, 108, 49, 10.1016/j.jada.2007.10.011

Timmerman, 2001, The relationship between basic need satisfaction and emotional eating, Iss Ment Health Nurs, 22, 691, 10.1080/016128401750434482

Solomon, 2001, Eating as both coping and stressor in overweight control, J Adv Nurs, 36, 563, 10.1046/j.1365-2648.2001.02009.x

39. National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute North American Association for the Study of Obesity. The practical guide: identification, evaluation & evaluation and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults. 2000. NIH Publication Number 00-4084.

Holm-Denoma, 2008, The "freshman fifteen" (the "freshman five" actually): predictors and possible explanations, Health Psychol, 27, S3, 10.1037/0278-6133.27.1.S3

Racette, 2005, Weight changes, exercise, and dietary patterns during freshman and sophomore years of college, J Am Coll Health, 53, 245, 10.3200/JACH.53.6.245-251

Racette, 2008, Changes in weight and health behaviors from freshman through senior year of college, J Nutr Educ Behav, 40, 39, 10.1016/j.jneb.2007.01.001

DiGiacchino, 2001, Racial and gender differences in weight status and dietary practices among college students, Adolescence, 36, 819

Jakicic, 2001, American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Appropriate intervention strategies for weight loss and prevention of weight regain for adults, Med Sci Sports Exerc, 33, 2145, 10.1097/00005768-200112000-00026

Fogelholm, 2000, Does physical activity prevent weight gain - a systematic review, Obes Rev, 1, 95, 10.1046/j.1467-789x.2000.00016.x

Haskell, 2007, Physical activity and public health: updated recommendation for adults from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association, Circulation, 116, 1081, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.185649

Pollock, 1998, ACSM position stand: the recommended quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness and flexibility in healthy adults, Med Sci Sports Exerc, 30, 975

Caspersen, 2000, Changes in physical activity patterns in the United States, by sex and cross-sectional age, Med Sci Sports Exerc, 32, 1601, 10.1097/00005768-200009000-00013

Kimm, 2000, Longitudinal changes in physical activity in a biracial cohort during adolescence, Med Sci Sports Exerc, 32, 1445, 10.1097/00005768-200008000-00013

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2001, Physical activity trends - United States, 1990-1998, JAMA, 285, 1835

Kahn, 2008, Patterns and determinants of physical activity in U.S. adolescents, J Adolesc Health, 42, 369, 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.11.143

Nelson, 2006, Longitudinal and secular trends in physical activity and sedentary behavior during adolescence, Pediatrics, 118, e1627, 10.1542/peds.2006-0926

Adame, 2001, Physical fitness and self-reported physical exercise among college men and women in 1987 and 1997, Percept Mot Skills, 93, 559, 10.2466/pms.2001.93.2.559

Keating, 2005, Meta-analysis of college students' physical activity behaviors, J Amer Coll Health, 54, 116, 10.3200/JACH.54.2.116-126

Ainsworth, 1992, Leisure-time physical activity and aerobic fitness in African-American young adults, J Adolesc Health, 13, 606, 10.1016/1054-139X(92)90375-L

Kelley, 1995, Gender differences in the physical activity levels of young African-American adults, J Natl Med Assoc, 87, 545

Kelley, 1994, Physical activity habits of African-American college students, Res Q Exerc Sport, 65, 207, 10.1080/02701367.1994.10607621