Tác động của pH ngoại bào lên chức năng miễn dịch
Tóm tắt
Bài báo này xem xét tác động của sự thay đổi pH ngoại bào đến chức năng miễn dịch tế bào và miễn dịch thể dịch. Do pH acid chiếm ưu thế tại các vị trí viêm và các khu vực hoạt động miễn dịch khác, phần lớn các nghiên cứu đến nay tập trung vào tác động của pH acid hơn là pH kiềm. Các cuộc điều tra về bạch cầu đa nhân cho thấy chủ yếu sự ức chế hoạt động hóa hướng động, hoạt động hô hấp và khả năng diệt khuẩn ở pH thấp. Bằng chứng cho thấy sự suy giảm khả năng độc tế bào và sự phát triển của tế bào lympho ở pH acid cũng đang bắt đầu xuất hiện. Nhiều trường hợp nhiễm toan lâm sàng cũng đi kèm với suy giảm miễn dịch. Các nghiên cứu về đại thực bào và bạch cầu ưa acid thì ít ỏi và chưa có kết luận rõ ràng. Một số ít nghiên cứu cho thấy sự kích hoạt protein bổ thể do acid và con đường bổ thể thay thế, cùng với việc tăng cường gắn kết kháng thể với bạch cầu ở pH thấp. Do đó, có thể tồn tại một tác động khác nhau của pH acid lên miễn dịch thể dịch và miễn dịch tế bào. Việc tăng cường nhận thức về ý nghĩa của pH ngoại bào liên quan đến chức năng miễn dịch đòi hỏi phải tiến hành thêm nhiều nghiên cứu trong lĩnh vực hiện tại còn thiếu sót nhưng đầy hứa hẹn này.
Từ khóa
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