The effect of surface growth of blue-green algae and bryophytes on some microbiological, biochemical, and physical soil properties
Tóm tắt
The influence of surface growth of inoculated cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) on subsurface properties of a brown earth, silt loam soil was studied in reconstituted flooded soil columns. One blue-green algae species, Nostoc muscorum, become dominant within the first 7 days of inoculation. In light control columns (not inoculated) a bryophyte, Barbula recurvirostra, was dominant although significant growth of indigenous blue-green algae occurred. The blue-green algae counts were in the range of 1×106 g-1 dry soil in the surface layer (0–0.7 cm) in both columns. Any effect of surface phototrophic growth on soil properties was restricted to the surface layer. In inoculated columns there was a twofold increase in microbial biomass and an eightfold increase in bacterial numbers by week 13. However, bacterial numbers declined so that there was only a 2.8-fold increase by week 21. Dehydrogenase (x2.1), urease (x2.8) and phosphatase (x3.1) activities and polysaccharides (+69%) increased by week 21 as a result of the blue-green algae inoculation along with a significant improvement in soil aggregation. However, similar increases occurred in the light control columns, indicating that given appropriate conditions of light and moisture indigenous species may be ultimately as effective as introduced species in bringing about biochemical and microbiological changes to soil.
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Alexander M (1977) Introduction to soil microbiology, 2nd edn. John Wiley, New York
Barclay WR, Lewin RA (1985) Microalgae polysaccharide for the conditioning of agricultural soils. Plant and Soil 88:159–169
Burns RG (1982) Enzyme activity in soil: Location and a possible role in microbial ecology. Soil Biol Biochem 14:423–424
Burns RG (1986) Interactions of enzymes with soil mineral and organic colloids. In: Huang PM, Schnitzer M (eds) interaction of soil minerals with natural organics and microbes. Soil Sci Soc Am, Madison, Wisconsin, pp 429–451
Burns RG (1988) Laboratory models in the study of soil microbiology. In: Wimpenny JWT (ed) Handbook of laboratory model systems for microbial ecosystem research, vol 2. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, pp 51–98
Burns RG, Davies JA (1986) The microbiology of soil structure. Biol Agric Hortic 3:95–113
Casida LE Jr, Kelein DA, Santoro T (1964) Soil dehydrogenase activity. Soil Sci 98:371–376
Cheshire MV, Mundie CM (1966) The hydrolytic extraction of carbohydrates from soil by sulphuric acid. J Soil Sci 17:372–381
Clymo RS (1970) The growth of Sphagnum: Methods of measurement. J Ecol 58:13–49
Fogg GE, Stewart WDP, Fay P, Walsby AE (1973) Blue-green algae. Academic Press, London
Hesse PR (1971) A textbook of soil chemical analysis. John Murray, London
Ibrahim AN, Kamel M, El-Sherbeny M (1971) Effect of inoculation with alga Tolypothrix tenuis on the yield of rice and soil nitrogen balance. Agrokem Talaitan 20:389–400
Jenkinson DS (1988) Determination of microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in soil. In: Wilson JR (ed) Advances in nitrogen cycling in agricultural ecosystems. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux International, Wallingford, pp 368–386
Jenkinson DS, Powlson DS (1976) The effects of biocidal treatment on metabolism in soil: V. A method for measuring soil biomass. Soil Biol Biochem 8:209–213
Martens R (1985) Limitations in the application of the fumigation technique for biomass estimations in amended soils. Soil Biol Biochem 17:57–63
Martin JK, Foster RC (1985) A model system for studying the biochemistry and biology of the root-soil interface. Soil Biol Biochem 17:261–269
Metting B (1981) The systematics and ecology of soil algae. Botan Rev 47:195–312
McLaren AD, Reshetko L, Huber W (1957) Sterilization of soil by irradiation with an electron beam and some observations on soil enzyme activity. Soil Sci 83:497–502
Nannipieri P (1984) Microbial biomass and activity measurements in soil: Ecological significance. In: Klug MJ, Reddy CA (eds) Current perspectives in microbial ecology. Am Soc Microbiol, Washington DC, pp 515–521
Oades JM (1984) Soil organic matter and structural stability: Mechanism and implications for management. Plant and Soil 76:319–337
Pakarinen P, Vitt MDH (1973) Primary production of plant communities of the Truelove lowland, Devon Island, Canada: Moss communities. In: Bliss LC, Wielgolaski FE (eds) Primary production and production processes. International Biological Programme Tundra Biome Steering Committee, Edmonton Oslo, pp 37–46
Pulford ID, Tabatabai MA (1988) Effect of waterlogging on enzyme activities in soils. Soil Biol Biochem 20:215–219
Roger PA, Kulasooriya SA (1980) Blue-geen algae and rice. International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
Roger PA, Tirol A, Ardales S, Watanabe I (1986) Chemical composition of cultures and natural samples of N2-fixing blue-green algae from rice fields. Biol Fertil Soils 2:131–146
Roger PA, Santiago-Ardales S, Reddy PM, Watanabe I (1987) The abundance of heterocystous blue-green algae in rice soils and inocula used for application in rice fields. Biol Fertil Soils 5:98–105
Roychoudhury P, Krishanmurti GSR, Venkataraman GS (1980) Effect of algal incoculation on soil aggregation in rice soils. Phykos 19:224–227
Singh RN (1961) The role of blue-green algae in nitrogen economy of Indian agriculture. Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi
Sparling GP, Gaskin G, Cheshire MV (1985) An inexpensive photometer for turbidity measurements on soil suspensions. Soil Sci Plant Anal 16:1219–1225
Stein JR (1973) Handbook of phycological methods: Culture methods and growth measurements. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Tabatabai MA, Bremner JM (1969) Use of p-nitrophenyl phosphate for assay of soil phosphatase activity. Soil Biol Biochem 1:301–307
Venkataraman GS (1975) The role of blue-green algae in tropical rice cultivation. In: Stewart WDP (ed) Nitrogen fixation by free living microorganisms. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 207–218
Watanabe I (1978) Biological nitrogen fixation in rice soils. In: Soils and rice. International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Phillipines, pp 465–478