Rìa của Đế chế: đặc trưng chế độ ăn uống của Rome thời Trung cổ qua phân tích đồng vị ổn định

Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences - Tập 12 - Trang 1-16 - 2020
Sara Varano1, Flavio De Angelis1, Andrea Battistini2, Luca Brancazi3, Walter Pantano2, Paola Ricci4, Marco Romboni1, Paola Catalano5, Valentina Gazzaniga6, Carmine Lubritto4, Riccardo Santangeli Valenzani7, Cristina Martínez-Labarga1, Olga Rickards1
1Centre of Molecular Anthropology for Ancient DNA Studies, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
2Collaborator of Servizio di Antropologia, Soprintendenza Speciale Archeologia, Belle Arti e Paesaggio di Roma, Rome, Italy
3Scuola di Dottorato in Archeologia Post-Classica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
4Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
5Former Servizio di Antropologia, Soprintendenza Speciale Archeologia, Belle Arti e Paesaggio di Roma, Rome, Italy
6Unità di Storia della Medicina e Bioetica, Dipartimento di Scienze e Biotecnologie medico-chirurgiche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
7Dipartimento di Studi Umanistici, Università degli Studi Roma Tre, Rome, Italy

Tóm tắt

Bài báo này nhằm xác định hồ sơ chế độ ăn uống của dân cư Rome thời kỳ đầu Trung cổ (thế kỷ thứ năm – thứ mười một sau Công nguyên) thông qua phân tích đồng vị ổn định carbon và nitơ. Thời gian này được đặc trưng bởi những thay đổi sâu sắc trong các mô hình kinh tế, nhân khẩu và xã hội của thành phố, có khả năng ảnh hưởng đến thói quen dinh dưỡng của cư dân. Phân tích đồng vị ổn định carbon và nitơ của collagen xương đã được sử dụng để phát hiện hồ sơ dinh dưỡng của 110 người từ sáu cộng đồng sinh sống ở trung tâm thành phố Rome và một từ thành phố cổ Gabii. Mười ba mẫu di tích động vật cũng được phân tích để xác định cơ sở sinh thái của các cộng đồng thời Trung cổ. Kết quả đồng vị cho thấy một chế độ ăn chủ yếu dựa vào việc khai thác tài nguyên thực vật C3 và động vật trên cạn, trong khi việc tiêu thụ tài nguyên nước chỉ được phát hiện ở dân cư San Pancrazio. Lượng protein động vật hấp thụ cho thấy sự tương đồng cả giữa các cộng đồng và trong mỗi cộng đồng, hỗ trợ một bối cảnh chế độ ăn uống đồng nhất về chất lượng ở Rome thời Trung cổ. Sự so sánh với dữ liệu đồng vị từ Thời đại Đế quốc cho phép chúng tôi phát hiện một chuyển biến dinh dưỡng theo chiều dọc trong Rome cổ đại, trong đó sự sụp đổ của Đế chế, đặc biệt là cuộc khủng hoảng quyền lực kinh tế và hệ thống thương mại, đại diện cho một điểm chuyển mình cho thói quen dinh dưỡng của dân cư.

Từ khóa

#Rome thời Trung cổ #phân tích đồng vị ổn định #chế độ ăn uống #khủng hoảng kinh tế #thói quen dinh dưỡng

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