Vai trò đối lập của IL-2 và IL-15 trong sự sống và cái chết của tế bào lympho: những hệ quả cho liệu pháp miễn dịch trong các bệnh khớp

Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 4 - Trang 1-7 - 2002
Thomas Waldmann1
1Metabolism Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA

Tóm tắt

Interleukin-15 (IL-15) là một thành viên có khối lượng phân tử 14-15 kDa thuộc họ cytokine hình chóp 4α, có khả năng kích thích tế bào T và tế bào NK (tế bào tiêu diệt tự nhiên). IL-15 và IL-2 sử dụng các thụ thể heterotrimeric bao gồm các thụ thể riêng biệt cho cytokine IL-2Rα và IL-15Rα, cũng như hai yếu tố thụ thể mà chúng chia sẻ, IL-2Rβ và γc. Mặc dù IL-2 và IL-15 chia sẻ hai tiểu đơn vị thụ thể và nhiều chức năng, đôi khi chúng lại đóng góp những vai trò đối lập trong các phản ứng miễn dịch trung gian tế bào T. IL-2, thông qua vai trò quan trọng của nó trong cái chết tế bào kích hoạt (AICD), tham gia vào sự dung nạp ngoại vi thông qua việc loại bỏ các tế bào T tự phản ứng. Ngược lại, IL-15 thường thể hiện các tác động chống apoptotic và ức chế AICD trung gian bởi IL-2. IL-15 kích thích sự tồn tại của tế bào T CD8+ kiểu nhớ, trong khi IL-2 ức chế sự biểu hiện của chúng. Những bất thường trong biểu hiện IL-15 đã được mô tả ở bệnh nhân bị viêm khớp dạng thấp hoặc bệnh viêm ruột và trong các bệnh liên quan đến retrovirus HTLV-I (virus lymphotropic tế bào T người I). Các kháng thể đơn dòng đã được con người hóa nhận diện IL-2Rα, thụ thể riêng cho IL-2, đang được sử dụng để ngăn chặn sự loại bỏ ghép và điều trị bệnh bạch cầu/u lympho tế bào T. Những phương pháp mới nhằm vào việc ức chế các tác động của cytokine viêm, IL-15, được đề xuất cho một loạt các rối loạn tự miễn bao gồm viêm khớp dạng thấp cũng như các bệnh liên quan đến retrovirus HTLV-I.

Từ khóa

#IL-2 #IL-15 #tế bào lympho #viêm khớp dạng thấp #liệu pháp miễn dịch

Tài liệu tham khảo

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