The complexity of symbiotic interactions influences the ecological amplitude of the host: A case study inStereocaulon(lichenized Ascomycota)

Molecular Ecology - Tập 27 Số 14 - Trang 3016-3033 - 2018
Lucie Vančurová1, Lucía Muggia2, Ondřej Peksa3, Tereza Řídká1, Pavel Škaloud1
1Faculty of Science, Department of Botany, Charles University, Prague 2, Czech Republic
2Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
3The West Bohemian Museum in Pilsen Plzeň Czech Republic

Tóm tắt

Abstract

Symbiosis plays a fundamental role in nature. Lichens are among the best known, globally distributed symbiotic systems whose ecology is shaped by the requirements of all symbionts forming the holobiont. The widespread lichen‐forming fungal genusStereocaulonprovides a suitable model to study the ecology of microscopic green algal symbionts (i.e., phycobionts) within the lichen symbiosis. We analysed 282Stereocaulonspecimens, collected in diverse habitats worldwide, using the algalITS rDNAand actin gene sequences and fungalITS rDNAsequences. Phylogenetic analyses revealed a great diversity among the predominant phycobionts. The algal genusAsterochloris(Trebouxiophyceae) was recovered in most sampled thalli, but two additional genera,VulcanochlorisandChloroidium, were also found. We used variation‐partitioning analyses to investigate the effects of climatic conditions, substrate/habitat characteristic, spatial distribution and mycobionts on phycobiont distribution. Based on an analogy, we examined the effects of climate, substrate/habitat, spatial distribution and phycobionts on mycobiont distribution. According to our analyses, the distribution of phycobionts is primarily driven by mycobionts andvice versa. Specificity and selectivity of both partners, as well as their ecological requirements and the width of their niches, vary significantly among the species‐level lineages. We demonstrated that species‐level lineages, which accept more symbiotic partners, have wider climatic niches, overlapping with the niches of their partners. Furthermore, the survival of lichens on substrates with high concentrations of heavy metals appears to be supported by their association with toxicity‐tolerant phycobionts. In general, low specificity towards phycobionts allows the host to associate with ecologically diversified algae, thereby broadening its ecological amplitude.

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Molecular Ecology

Tập 27 Số 14

3016-3033

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