Tổ chức Y tế Thế giới và lịch sử chuẩn hóa toàn cầu giáo dục y tế

Globalization and Health - Tập 17 - Trang 1-13 - 2021
George Weisz1, Beata Nannestad1
1Cotton-Hannah Chair in the History of Medicine, Department of Social Studies of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada

Tóm tắt

Bài viết này trình bày lịch sử những nỗ lực của Tổ chức Y tế Thế giới (WHO) và đồng minh quan trọng nhất của nó, Liên đoàn Giáo dục Y tế Thế giới, nhằm củng cố và chuẩn hóa giáo dục y tế quốc tế. Khía cạnh này của hoạt động WHO đã phần lớn bị bỏ qua trong các công trình lịch sử và xã hội học gần đây về tổ chức này và về sức khỏe toàn cầu nói chung. Phân tích văn bản lịch sử được áp dụng cho các hồ sơ và ấn phẩm đã được số hóa của Tổ chức Y tế Thế giới cũng như Liên đoàn Giáo dục Y tế Thế giới, cũng như cho các ấn phẩm trong tài liệu định kỳ bình luận về chuẩn hóa đào tạo y tế quốc tế và các vấn đề liên quan. Những nỗ lực cải cách đào tạo y tế diễn ra trong ba khoảng thời gian lịch sử riêng biệt: thập niên 1950 và 1960 đặc trưng bởi các nỗ lực phổ biến các chuẩn mực khoa học phương Tây; thập niên 1970 và 1980 bị chi phối bởi các nỗ lực định hình đào tạo y tế theo Chính sách Chăm sóc Sức khỏe Ban đầu của WHO; và từ cuối thập niên 1980 đến nay, chiến dịch áp đặt các tiêu chuẩn toàn cầu và chứng nhận thể chế cho các trường y trên toàn thế giới. Số lượng ngày càng tăng các ấn phẩm trong tài liệu định kỳ bình luận về chuẩn hóa đào tạo y tế quốc tế và các vấn đề liên quan, đặc biệt là khó khăn trong việc hòa hợp các tiêu chuẩn toàn cầu với nhu cầu địa phương và trong việc chứng minh tác động của việc thay đổi chương trình giảng dạy.

Từ khóa

#Tổ chức Y tế Thế giới #chuẩn hóa giáo dục y tế #đào tạo y tế quốc tế #chính sách chăm sóc sức khỏe #chứng nhận thể chế.

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