The UK community anchor model and its challenges for community sector theory and practice
Tóm tắt
The growing policy focus since the 1970s in Scotland, the UK and internationally on ‘community’, community development and community ownership and enterprise has facilitated a certain growth of the community sector and therefore of concern for related discussions of theory and practice. This paper positions this turn to community within the shifting global political economic context, in particular the rolling out of the neoliberal state internationally from the 1980s and a related urban crisis management of structural inequality (Brenner and Theodore, 2002). By focusing on the emergence of community anchor organisations – understood in the UK context as multi-purpose, local community-led organisations – within Scottish and UK policy-making since the 2000s, the central dilemma for critical community sector theory and practice of sustaining a local egalitarian vision and practice (Pearce, 2003) given this neoliberal context is explored. A Scottish urban community anchor provides an illustration of this challenge for theory and practice and of how it can be re-considered through discussions of ‘progressive mutualism’ (Pearce, 2009) and ‘resilience, re-working and resistance’ (Cumbers, 2010; Katz, 2004).
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Aiken M, 2011, Community Organisations Controlling Assets: A Better Understanding
Aiken M, 2008, Community Ownership and Management of Assets
Alcock P, 2012, Working Paper 82: The Big Society: A New Policy Environment for the Third Sector?
Alperson P, 2002, Diversity and Community: An Interdisciplinary Reader, 2
Baker L, 2011, Assessing the Impact of Multi-purpose Community Organisations: Final Report of a Collaborative Action Research Approach
Belfield C, 2015, Living Standards, Poverty and Inequality in the UK: 2015
Berry K, 2008, SPICe Briefing for the Public Petitions Committee: Petition Number: PE1189
Blond P, 2010, Red Tory: How the Left and Right Have Broken Britain and How We Can Fix It
Bynner C, 2010, Review of Community Engagement in Neighbourhood Management in Govanhill: Report for the Govanhill Neighbourhood Management Steering Group: April 2012
Bynner C, 2016, Social contact and trust: A study of a superdiverse neighbourhood
Cochrane A, 2007, Understanding Urban Policy: A Critical Approach
Collins C, 1997, Contested Communities: Experiences, Struggles, Policies, 84, 10.51952/9781447366645.ch006
Commission on the Future Delivery of Public Services, 2011, Commission on the Future Delivery of Public Services
Community Alliance, 2009, Anchors of Tomorrow: A Vision for Community Organisations of the Future
Coote A, 2011, The Big Society Challenge, 82
Cotterill S, 2011, Inspiring Democracy: Community Anchors and Councillors
Demarco L, 2014, Senscot Discussion Paper: Working for Third Sector-led Social Investment and the Common Good
Eversley J, 2009, Direct Action and Grassroots Democracy: The Legacy of Saul Alinsky
Giddens A, 1984, The Constitution of Society: Outline of the Theory of Structuration
Glasgow and West of Scotland Forum of Housing Associations (GWSFHA), 1999, People’s Palaces: An Exhibition by the Glasgow and West of Scotland Forum of Housing Associations
Glasgow and West of Scotland Forum of Housing Associations (GWSFHA), 2015, Our Crumbling Tenements: A New Approach for the 21st Century
Glasgow Centre for Population Health, 2008, A Community Health and Wellbeing Profile for South East Glasgow
Glasgow City Council Executive Committee, 2013, Committee Document – South West Govanhill.doc: Transforming South-West Govanhill
Govanhill Housing Association (GHHA), 2008, Public Petition to the Scottish Parliament PE1189
Govanhill Housing Association (GHHA), 2010, These are the Rules of Govanhill Housing Association Limited
Govanhill Housing Association (GHHA), 2012, Govanhill Update – February 2012: An Overview of the Govanhill Community
Govanhill Regeneration Taskforce, 2012, Report of the Govanhill Regeneration Taskforce: Regeneration Action Plan
Harkins C, 2012, Partnership Approaches to Address Local Health Inequalities: Final Evaluation Report from the Govanhill Equally Well Test Site
Harkins C, 2012, The Role of Participatory Budgeting in Promoting Localism and Mobilising Community Assets: But Where Next for Participatory Budgeting in Scotland? Learning from the Govanhill Equally Well Test Site
Harkins C, 2011, Partnership Approaches to Address Local Health Inequalities: Interim Evaluation Report from the Govanhill Equally Well Test Site
Harvey D, 2011, The Enigma of Capital and the Crises of Capitalism
Henderson J, 2014, Towards a critical understanding of community anchors and a community sector theory and practice
Her Majesty’s Treasury and Cabinet Office, 2007, The Future Role of the Third Sector in Social and Economic Regeneration: Final Report
Hoggett P, 1997, Contested Communities: Experiences, Struggles, Policies, 3, 10.51952/9781447366645.ch001
Home Office, 2004, Firm Foundations: The Government’s Framework for Community Capacity Building
International Centre of Research and Information on the Public, Social and Cooperative Economy (CIRIEC), 2012, The Social Economy in the European Union
Katz C, 2004, Growing up Global: Economic Restructuring and Children’s Everyday Lives
Local People Leading, 2008, Summary Position Statement on Community Empowerment in Scotland
Localism Act 2011 (2011) Norwich: The Stationary Office (TSO).
Lynch H, 2010, Govanhill, what the people say? A map of assets
McKee K, 2011, Glasgow and West of Scotland Forum of Housing Associations’ Response to the Scottish Government’s Regeneration Discussion Document: Building a Sustainable Future
McKee K, 2012, Housing Associations and the Big Society: Lessons from Scotland’s Community Housing Sector
Merriam S, 2009, Qualitative Research: A Guide to Design and Implementation, 2
Mooney G, 2010, Community Empowerment: Critical Perspectives from Scotland: The Glasgow Papers, 8
Murray R, 2013, People Over Capital: The Cooperative Alternative to Capitalism, 20
O’Leary T, 2011, Appreciating Assets
Painter J, 2011, Connecting Localism and Community Empowerment Research Review and Critical Synthesis for the AHRC Connected Community Programme
Paterson L, 2012, Oxfam Law into Practice Project and Govanhill Law Centre Report: Unequal and Unlawful Treatment: Barriers faced by the Roma Community in Govanhill when accessing welfare benefits and the implications of section 149 of the Equality Act 2010
Pearce J, 1993, At the Heart of the Community Economy: Community Enterprises in a Changing World
Pearce J, 2003, Social Enterprise in Anytown
Pearce J, 2009, The Social Economy: International Perspectives on Economic Solidarity, 22, 10.5040/9781350223530.ch-002
Pike A, 2016, Uneven Growth: Tackling City Decline
Poole L, 2008, Report on the Situation of the Roma Community in Govanhill, Glasgow
Power A, 2011, The Big Society Challenge, 43
Reid Foundation, 2013, The Common Weal: A Model for Economic and Social Development in Scotland
Ridley-Duff R, 2011, Understanding Social Enterprise: Theory and Practice
Roma-Net, 2011, Roma-Net Glasgow Baseline Study
Sampson A, 2010, Rising East Essays: Making Regeneration Our Business, 2
Scottish Government, 2011, Achieving a Sustainable Future: Regeneration Strategy
Scottish Government and COSLA, 2009, Community: Scottish Community Empowerment Action Plan
Scottish Parliament, 2008, PE1189
Scottish Parliament, 2015, Community Empowerment (Scotland) Act 2015
Scottish Public Health Observatory, 2010, Health and Wellbeing Profiles 2010: Spine Pack: South Glasgow
Stake R, 1995, The Art of Case Study Research
Swindon P, 2015, Evening Times
Thake S, 1995, The Effect of Community Regeneration Organisations on Neighbourhood Regeneration: Housing Summary 10: October 1995
Thake S, 2001, Building Communities Changing Lives: The Contribution of Large, Independent Neighbourhood Regeneration Organisations
Thake S, 2006, Community Assets: The Benefits and Costs of Community Management and Ownership
Thomas S, 1999, Multiculturalism in practice: A study of Govanhill, Glasgow
Weaver M, 2009, Principles, Paradigms and Practice as Barriers to ‘Sustainable Independence’ for Community Anchors
Woodin T, 2010, Community and Mutual Ownership
Wyler S, 2009, A History of Community Asset Ownership